Mary Queen of Scots Opera Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mary Queen of Scots Opera - Essay Example But this one added some important facts that are worth remembering. The opera started at exactly 2:00 pm. The stage has the symphony playing in the bottom front of stage area, kind of like a second floor underneath visible to the audience from the mezzanine.Once the orchestra started to play the opening music the opera house was very silent. Mary Queen of Scots opera belongs to the category soloist and orchestra. The orchestra consist of the following instrument, flute, oboe clarinet, saxophone, bassoon, horn, trumpet, trombone, tuba, percussion, harp keyboard, violin 1, violin 2, viola cello, doublebass, continuo, electronic tape, and the voice from the soloist. The music produce by the orchestra are quite relaxing and the music are appropriate in the scene. Mary Queen of Scots opera is about the rivalry of two cousins, Queen Elizabeth and Mary Stuart. The opera was done in a recitative way. It is done by adopting the rhythm of ordinary speech into singing. The opera was accompanied by the orchestra. In the part wherein Maria Stuart and Queen Elizabeth was about to meet the orchestra plays in a rhythmic modes that connote a haunting motive. This mode was done by the string instrument in the orchestra. The scene was between Lester and Queen Elizabeth waiting for Maria Stuart to arrive. ... Queen Elizabeth's question where answered in a literal and logical musical response. The rhythmic music continues as Queen Elizabeth is nervous to see Mary Stuart. The scene becomes more intense and then the orchestra started playing simple music loudly. Every time the scene becomes intense the orchestra starting playing it loud to help the soloist feels his role. The meeting of Maria Stuart and Queen Elizabeth is the main part of the opera. The confrontation was accompanied by a soft music at first. As the scene become intense the orchestra becomes intense as well. Music that can be felt inside of you. The orchestra adopted its music very well in every scene making Queen Mary Scots as one opera worth watching for. Queen Elizabeth decision of putting Mary Scots in jail has made the story more intense. The orchestra plays hard to let the audience feel the intensity of the scene. No matter how Leister ask for the release of Mary, Queen Elizabeth stay firm with her decision that she should be hang. In the opera solo act was accompanied by music from the rhythmic part to the intense part. This opera is worth watching for. The orchestra was great and the dresses and accessory where really fit the stage. The overall performances of the character are great.

Existence of God Essay Example for Free

Existence of God Essay †¢Translate and/or explain the following terms: aesity, arete, endoxa, ergon, eudaimonia, peccatum, telos, virtus, vitium – Arete: Greek for virtue, or excellence – Virtus and vitium: Latin for virtue and vice – Endoxon (endoxa): Greek, reputable opinion(s) †¢Ergon: Greek, function/characteristic activity – †¢Eudaimonia: Greek, happiness, well being †¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Peccatum: Latin, sin †¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Telos: Greek, end, aim †¢Discuss and/or apply the following concepts: doctrine of the mean, the endoxic method, the function argument, omnipotence The Endoxic Method- reputable opinions for ex. Happiness as uniquely human, as under our control, as requiring activity. The Function Argument-To know whether P is a good instance of its kind, you need to know the function (ergon) of P ? A virtue/excellence (arete) of P is a characteristic P needs in order to fulfill its function. The Doctrine of the mean-1. For any given situation, there is a specific affectation appropriate to it, e. g. , desire, anger, fear, confidence, envy, joy, pity, etc. 2. For any given affectation, one can exhibit it either too much, too little, or in the appropriate amount 3. The virtuous person always exhibits an affectation in the appropriate amount. -for ex. Truthfulness: virtue regarding telling the truth about oneself? Defect: self-depreciating Excess: phony omnipotence- all power and unlimited power †¢Distinguish goods that are, according to Aristotle, valued for the sake of other things, valued for their own sake, and valued for their own sake and for the sake of other things you want some things that gets you other stuff. for example money so its a sake for other things. valued for own sake-having a yacht gives you pleasure but then enjoying it with more friends and travel the world and give you more pleasure. the one good. happiness is the one thing that every one wants and is valued for its own sake. e †¢That which is valued only for its own sake and for whose sake everything else is desired †¢That which is valued for its own sake and for the sake of other things †¢That which is valued only for the sake of other things. †¢Discuss why Aristotle rejects conventional views that identify happiness with pleasure, honor, and virtue, and what he thinks this tells us about the nature of happiness Aristotle rejects three common conceptions of happiness—pleasure, honor, and wealth. Happiness, he says, cannot be identified with any of these things (even though all three may be part of an overall happy life). Pleasure, he says, is found in satisfying desires—but whether or not we can satisfy our desires is as much up to chance as it is up to us. †¢The life of pleasure. Problem: the life fit for a pig †¢The life of honor. Problem: not under our control †¢The life of virtue. Problem: compatible with inaction †¢Distinguish between psychological, somatic, and external goods, explaining how they contribute to Aristotle’s conception of happiness External goods- attractiveness, wealth.. Psychological Goods- mental health.. Somatic goods- â€Å"Nonetheless, happiness evidently needs external goods to be added, as we said, since we cannot, or cannot easily, do fine actions if we lack the resources. For, first of all, in many actions we use friends, wealth, and political power just as we use instruments. Further, deprivation of certain things —for instance, good birth, good children, beauty— mars our blessedness. For we do not altogether have the character of happiness if we look utterly repulsive or are ill-born, solitary, or childless; and we have it even less, presumably, if our children or friends are totally bad, or were good but have died. †¢Discuss the roles of habituation and right reason in Aristotle’s analysis of virtuous action function of human beings is knowledge and it what  separates from animals. virtuous action is what a rational person who acts for the right reason. but you also have to feel the correct emotions and feelings to do virtuous actions and be properly affected which means that you find the right things pleasant. And wants to do the right thing. so if you dont feel like you want to give money to homeless and still give it it does not count as a virtous thing. the teachers ice cream technique- dont want to do it but do it for ice cream but over time the kids want to do it because it is the virtuous thing to do. †¢Identify and describe Aristotle’s three requirements for friendship and his three different kinds of friendship Pleasure-friendships- Most common among theyoung, fades easily utility-friendships,- most common among the old and also fades easily. character-friendships- You love a person because of the good qualities she or he possesses. genuine friendship. †¢Explain what Aristotle means when he claims that friends are â€Å"second selves† â€Å"A friend is a second self, so that our consciousness of a friends existence makes us more fully conscious of our own existence. † and Friendly relations with one’s neighbors, and the marks by which friendships are defined, seem to have proceeded from a man’s relation with himself. For men think a friend is one who wishes well and does what is good, or seems so, for the sake of his friend, or one who wishes his friend to exist and live, for his sake† †¢Explain why Aquinas thinks God’s existence is self-evident, why it nonetheless may not be evident to us, and how Aquinas thinks God’s existence can be made evident Not every human realizes the existence of god. †¢Examples of self-evident propositions: †¢A pig is an animal; a bachelor is an unmarried male †¢Being self-evident in itself versus self-evident to us †¢Aquinas: â€Å"I maintain that God exists is self-evident in itself since its subject and predicate are identical†¦[but] the proposition is not self-evident to us† (197). †¢Question 02: can God’s existence be made evident? †¢Perhaps God’s existence is an article of faith, not of reason †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"There are two types of demonstration: those that argue from cause to effect†¦and those that argue from effect to cause† (198). †¢Hitting a pool ball, pressing the ‘on’ button, hand on the stove. †¢So, from what effects do we infer God’s existence? †¢God’s effects in the world, Mozart and his music †¢Understand Aquinas’ ‘unmoved mover’ and ‘teleological’ arguments for the existence of God and articulate at least one objection to each Argument one of five: the unmoved mover (200). Everything has a cause, but causes can’t go on infinitely. The first uncaused cause is God. Objections: why must it be God? Maybe time is infinite? Telos: the end toward which a thing strives. Everything in nature has a telos. If a thing is non-intelligent, some intelligence must give it its telos. Objection: nature is not telonic in this way †¢Discuss why the question ‘can God create a stone that God cannot lift? ’ is said to be paradoxical and how Aquinas tries to resolve the paradox †¢The paradox of omnipotence: can God create a stone he cannot lift? †¢If God can, there is something God cannot do, i. e. , lift the stone †¢If God cannot, there is something God cannot do, i. e. , create the stone †¢If there is something God cannot do, God is not omnipotent †¢Therefore, God is not omnipotent †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"So we conclude that God’s power extends to anything possible in itself and not implying contradiction. Clearly then God is called omnipotent because he can do everything possible in itself. † (p. 249). because if god cannot lift the the stone he created, he is not omintipitent and also if he cannot create that he cannot lift therefore he is not omnipotent so either way god is not omnipotent so aquinas says that god creates certain laws in the universe that he himself cannot break which is considered absolute possibility and relativee possibility is what he can change. †¢Explain what Aquinas means when he claims evil does not exist because evil does not exit because evil is absence of happiness. †¢Understand the weak and strong versions of the problem of evil and discuss Aquinas’ solution to the problem Strong version of the problem †¢If an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God exists, then evil does not exist †¢Evil exists †¢Therefore, an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God does not exist Weak version of the problem †¢Evil exists †¢The non-existence of God is a more plausible explanation of evil than is the existence of an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God †¢Therefore, it’s more plausible that God does not exist If an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God exists, then evil does not exist. †¢Aquinas’ answer to the problem of evil †¢Why is there evil and sin in thet world? †¢Evil is the necessary result of freedom of the will †¢Thus, God does not command sin, God permits sin †¢Does God cause evil and sin? †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"God is responsible for sinful actions but not for sins† 296 †¢Distinguish Aquinas’ conceptions of eternal, natural, and human law †¢Human law †¢Quoting Cicero: â€Å"laws start with what nature produces, then by use of reason certain things become customs, and finally things produced by nature and tested by custom are sanctified with†¦the weight of laws† (420). †¢Eternal law †¢God as divine legislator: â€Å"Clearly†¦the entire community of the universe is governed by God’s reason† (417). †¢Divine providence: ordering of the universe toward good †¢Natural law †¢Non-moral sense: laws of nature. †¢Moral sense: guides the actions of animals †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Since everything subjected to God’s providence is measured by the standards of his eternal law, as we have said, everything shares in some way in the eternal law, bearing its imprint in the form of a natural tendency to pursue the behavior and goals appropriate to it. Reasoning creatures are subject to God’s providence is a special, more profound way than others by themselves sharing in the planning† (418). Eternal law is identical to the mind of God as seen by God himself. It can be called law because God stands to the universe which he creates as a ruler does to a community which he rules. When Gods reason is considered as it is understood by God Himself, i. e. in its unchanging, eternal nature (q91, a1) , it is eternal law.

Eastman Kodak analysis Essay -- essays research papers

At your request, I have compiled information on Eastman Kodak Co., so that you may come to an investment decision. The report will consider the company’s background (including Kodak’s areas of production), a past obstacle Kodak has had to face and overcome, and a financial snapshot of Kodak over the past five years. BACKGROUND Originally founded in 1880 by George Eastman, the Eastman Kodak company now stands as a leader in the infoimaging industry. Infoimaging is a $385 billion industry that consists of using traditional and digital film to allow people to capture and deliver images through cameras, computers, and the media. Currently under the direction of Chairman and CEO Daniel A. Carp, Eastman Kodak is divided into three major areas of production. 1. Kodak’s Digital and Film Imaging Systems section produces digital and traditional film cameras for consumers, professional photographers, and the entertainment industry. This segment accounts for 69% of revenues earned by Kodak in 2003. 2. Health Imaging caters to the health care market by creating health imaging products such as medical films, chemicals, and processing equipment. Health Imaging also places emphasis on radiology for dental, mammography, and oncology markets. Health Imaging accounts for 18% of revenues earned by Kodak in 2003. 3. The Commercial Imaging group produces aerial, industrial, graphic, and micrographic films, inkjet printers, scanners, and digital printing equipment to target commercial and ...

Perspectives of psychology Essay

Analyzes the relationship between natural selection and behavior and mental processes B. Focuses on personal growth, reaching our highest potential, and self-actualization C. Examines how physiology and biology interact with the environment to impact and determine our behavior and mental processes D. Holds that our unconscious processes determine our behaviors and how they are expressed in our personality E. Emphasizes the way that our behavior and mental processes are impacted by social and cultural components in our environment F. Believes that the field of psychology should focus on objective behaviors that are observable and measurable G. Stresses the importance of internal processes of thought that impact the way that we think, know, remember, reason, make decisions, and communicate 1.cognitive functioning. ___________________ 2.A part of the brain that belongs to the limbic system and is responsible for processing new memories. ________________ The portion of the brain involved in intricate The part of the brain located in the temporal lobe that is responsible for our emotional response. ________________ 3. 4.A structure that is known to be a key relay station for sensory information. ________________ 5.An area of the cerebral cortex involved in organizing, controlling, directing, and performing motor functions. ________________ 6.A part of the brain located in the back of the cerebral cortex that 7.The part of the brain that is highly involved in the control of the autonomic nervous system and pituitary hormone production and is also responsible for the â€Å"fight-or is responsible for processing visual information. ________________-flight† response. ________________ 8.The part of the brain that is located at the base of the skull and is responsible for the development and coordination of movement. ________________ 9.The part of the brain that is divided into left and right hemispheres, as well as four lobes. ________________

Supporting Teaching and Learning Essay

1. Outlie the difference between sequence and rate of develoment. Why might children develop at different rates in different areas? All children are different in sequence of development depending on events of what will happen while growing in age, as like Maslows hierarchy of needs are shown you need all acpects to develop, you need (qouting from Maslows hierarchy of needs) basic needs such as physiological needs (Health,food,sleep), safety needs (shelter, removel, belonging and love needs (love, affection, being a part of groups), esteam needs (self-esteem and esteem from others) to finally you will reach the top to self-actualisation needs (Achieving individual potentail) so for a child to develop they must complete one of the area’s before they move on to the next one. each and every child will develop at a different rate for example Some babies start teething from 6 months and some of them start even at 9 months, some babies can start talking at around about 1 Yrs but in some case’s at the age of 1 yrs some babies will still only babble and point at what they want but it will depend on the individual. milestones of development are given as a broad avarage of which they expect a child to reach but not all children are the same and will develop at their own pace. There are also other different areas of development from physical, social, intellectual and language no matter what the age of the child.. If at all one is skipped or is slow it can be a cause for concern and may lead to a child being given a special recommendation. 2. Discuss two personal factors and external factors that could influence a child or persons development These are some factors for personal and external factors Personal factors of a childs of development Pupils health mother who uses drugs, drinks and smokes what happens during pregnancy Being born premature Disability. Health status. Dyslexia. Learning difficulties External factors of a child of development Housing and education. Play and leisure activities. Culture and language. Aspirations and expectations. Family environment and background. Family choices. Looked after children. (i.e. Foster care, child minder, looked after by relatives) All these influences affect a child in different ways. children with difficulties and health problems don’t like or are less able to participate in some activities and this will affect physical development and will restrict children to not socialize with the other children and there peers. If a pupil has any of the personal factors staff from there school will be aware of what a pupil may need to support them through school and include them in as much activities as they can do. if a child has learning difficulties they will be encouraged to develop in all areas and will need guidance to manage there needs. Pupils will come from a rage of different family environments and go through lots of different changes while at school like family break up, one parent might have a new partner, illness, mooving  house or maybe they are in care which will may change a pupils behaviour and this may affect there time at school and ablity to learn. also Statistics show that children from a deprived backgrounds are less likelyto achieve at school beause there own parents can not meet their needs and this would impact on all areas of development. 3. Explain how theories of development and framework to support development influence current practice There are a range of diffrenent theories of develoment and many psychologists have different ideas on how children learn, some fill that children ability is innate and some say it will depend on the oppertunites that they are given in there life. Piaget’s constructivist theories which look at the way in which children seem to be able to make sense of their world as a result of their experiences and how they are active learners. He also suggested that as children develop so does their thinking. in other word’s children are learning though play. According to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality, there are three elements of personality–the id, the ego and the superego. According to Freud, the key to a healthy personality is a balance between the three elements Id The id is the only component of personality that is present from birth, The id is very important early in life, because it ensures that an infant’s needs are met. If a infant is hungry or uncomfortable, he or she will cry until the demands of the id are met. The ego The ego is the component of personality, a child realises that how they behave may affect how it’s needs are met, he or she will not cry if they are hungery they would just wait untill food comes to them. The superego superego develops later in childs life, it is based on there development of the conscience. alternatively if the ego behaves well the superego will have pride The behaviourist approach to learning suggests that behaviour is learned from environmental factors, rewards and punishments. Watson believed that everyone is born with the same abilities and everyone and anyone can be taught anything. Maslow was originally was interested in behaviourism and he studied the work of Watson, he also looked at other psychologists like freud’s beliefs but Maslow wanted to understand what motivates people. He believed that our own nees were more important and the Hierarchy of Needs theory remains valid today. if you have a look at some of these theories they explain why everyone is capable of achieving the roles they set themselves. Some also help us to understand the driving forces behind our decisions, and that we are governed by inner factors. 4. Outline three different methods of monitoring development. There are many different methods of monitoing development. These are a few; observation standard measurements information from carers and colleagues Observation There are two types of obsevations informal and formal. informal observations are carried out on a daily basis when working with a pupil and overtime a picture can be built of the pupil’s progress and if there are any poblems such as not undetstanding how to use a ruler propley  or not holding a pencil corectly. Any observations are fed back to the teacher daily, however they may not always be recorded and information gathered may not be passed onto others. formal observations, his may be carried out to support the teacher on assessing a pupil’s level of development such as a controlled assessment or a speaking and listening test. Standard measures This is usually carried out by medical practitioners to ensure that a child is growing at the expected rate for their age. Information from carers and collegues Information from carers can be vital if there is a factor that may be influencing the development of a young person an example may be that the pupil is being bullied or they don’t understand the learning objective but are too scared to ask for help. As a colleague if you see a change in the child you must communicate this to the class teacher to help them to assess what assistance may be required. Parents and teachers should share information about pupils to enable them to work together for the childs best intreast. 5.Explain the reasons why children and young peoples’s developmemnt may not follow the expected pattern? There are lots of different reasons why children may not follow the expected pattern. a child may not follow the expected pattern if they have emotional problems, they my feel unsettled for a number of reasons one of which maybe children who may live with there parents that constonaly argue and fight and this will make the child fill withdrawn or could cause stress and make behavoul problems. a child may be at a disadvantage environmentally due to poor housing or area in which they live. If a chid lives in a house that is poory heated, this could mean a child will exprience bad health and this could also cause stress to parents and this could cause a child to develop more later then other children. Some children may have a poor diet, this affects there physical development, There have been many studies on diet and its effects and results have shown that a child who has a nutritious and  healthy diet achieves more in life. If a family are on a low income and cannot give a child a healty diet this could have a child show physical issues. 6. Descibe how disability can affect development. Childen with disabilities will be affected in a number of different ways, depending on on the the pupil needs and disabilities. it may cause a delay in a particular aspect of there develpment. example – Autism Autism is a developmental disability which affects how a person relates and communicates with other people and the world around them. A child with autism will find it difficult to understand facial expressions or the tone of a voice. and it could affect their ability to development or interact in social settings or in the classroom setting. Learnin difficulities Children with learning difficulties find’s difficult to read and may be come frustrated and problems could arise with there behaiour Physical disabities This may affect there social skills where a child will become withdrawn or affect there behaviour if they become frustrated and will become very withdrawn. A child with this disability may only be affected physically with this disability while others could be affected by seizures, epilepsy or difficulties with speech and language. When you are working with children with special educational needs (SEN) it is important that you focus on the pupils disability and needs and some of the children, not all, work will need to be modified and the pupil will need to be supported but not all children with disabilities require extra help and could go on to do GCSE’s and further there education in college and all they will need is a bit of encourgement. 7. identify four different types of professional intervention that could assist a child or young person whose development was not following the expected pattern There are many different types of professional intervention groups that will support pupils who are not progressing at th same rate as others. This is likely to be advised by either SENCO or another professional who links with schools. The four that i will be focusing on will be a social worker, speech and language therapist, physiotherapist and nurse/ health visitor. Social worker A social worker might be involved if there is a cause fo concern or if a parent has asked for help. in a school setting if the school in concerned for a childs well being they will also contact social services diectly. speech and language therapist Speech and language theraist can be based in a school setting or external. They will give the diagnosis of a communication delay or a disorder and will also advise and work with the parents and the school to support the child in the best way they can, with a non verbal child they will use activities and PECS thet will give a child the confidance to comunicate. Physiotherapist this professional help children with their movement especially those who have little or no movement they are trained to get the maximum movement and skill level. They will also give targets and execerise to pupils to work on to development their gross motor skills. Nurse/Health visitor Nurse and heath visitors provides support for the family and child especially if that child suffers from medical conditions that need specialist care Also health visitors come under this title for measuring and assessing a child’s development. 8. Analyse the importance of early identification of speech, language and  communication delays and disorders, and the potential risks of late recognition It very important to find the early identification of speech, language and communication delays or disorders and the potential risk of late recognitio because it is the crucial part of a childs learning. Because early identification means the child can receive the right treatment and support from professionals and others to target the childs needs hopefully correct the problem that the child has. greatly increasing the chances of improving their skills and helping to get their development back on track as quickly as possible. It is more better for a childs disorder or delays to be dinosoned at an early age so they have a better chance as the early years are a time rapid of learning and development. It can also cause learning delays, particularly in literacy, having problems with sounds and letters leading to delays in reading and spelling. late identification of speech, language and communication can effect their confidence and self-esteem and could find it harder to form relationships, can lead to problems with understanding or a child being able to express their own feelings, leaving them feeling angry or frustrated and causing them to act out and maybe develop behavior problems and isolated. very young children will not be able to recognise the reason for the way they are feeling. if a child that you work with has a communication delay or disorder, you should be sent to get the right trainning to help the child along through the time that you will work with them and also if you work in a school setting there will be speech and lanuage specialist that will came and work with the child as well as you. 9. Explain how play and activities are used to suppot the development of speech, language and communication. 10. Discuss three different types of transition, how they affect a childs or a young person’s development Transitions in life are a fundamental part of development in children and  young people. From an early age a child will experience some form of transition and how well they deal with these changes as they are growing up will be depend on their stage of development. when it comes to the time of transition childen should be able to talk about what is going to happen and be prepared. transition vary from child to child, so it is important to consider them on an individual basis. types of transitions may be: emotional – bereavement, entering/leaving care or the divorce or separation of parents physical – moving into another school setting, a new home. physiological – puberty, long term medical conditions intellectual – moving from nusery to primary school Emotional Pupils emotionals will be affected by their personal experince in there life. If there is a major change within the family unit such as parents separating or divorcing, it can have such an impact on the parents that the children’s emotions may be forgotten and there emotional development may well be affected, they may start to misbehave at home and or at school. physical Pupils who are moveing to a new home may find physical transition trumatic and unsettling and could afftect there development or if a child moves to a new classroom within the same school setting could find the transition positive and the effects wont be as tumatic as they won’t be making the changes alone, they will be with their friends. Intellectual Change such as having to deal with leaving nursery to primary school or from leaving primary school to secoundary and so on, if a this transition is not correctly handled can have a negative impact on development. It will be in  the best intreast of a child to visit each setting before they make the transaction. 11. Evaluate the effect on children and young people of having positive relationships duing periods of transitions.

Check Point 1 Essays

Check Point 1 Essays Check Point 1 Essay Check Point 1 Essay Q: What do researchers mean by ‘subjective well-being’? How is this construct measured? Researchers mean by subjective well-being the study of happiness. The construct measured by researchers is to asses a person’s life satisfaction and the frequency of positive and negative emotional experiences. A really good example of this is that money and wealth does not equal happiness and most studies show people who win a large amount of the lottery quickly return to their pre-lottery happiness. I found this very interesting because I grew up in a family that did not have money and although now I have the things my children and I need I always think but how great would it be to win a couple of million dollars. Reading this information has opened my eyes and really made me realize, maybe I do not have a mansion and maybe I need to say no to my kids every now but what it boils down to, is that myself, children, and boyfriend are happy we do not need materialistic things Q: On p. 18 of your textbook, the authors present the hypothetical possibility of being hooked up to an ‘experience machine’ that would guarantee a constant state of happiness and positive emotion. Would you choose to be hooked up to such a machine? Why or why not? In your response, differentiate between hedonic and eudaimonic concepts of happiness. I personally would not like to be hooked up to an ‘experience machine. I love feeling happiness along with other emotions but I feel by not having negative emotions we would never learn from things. A good example of this brings us to post traumatic growth, if we experience a traumatic event because of something we did we will not experience those negative feelings helping us grow and not make the same mistake twice, instead we would always see everything as positive and make continuous mistakes that could put ourselves or others in danger. Hedonic concepts of happiness are described as the enjoyment of life and its pleasures. Eudaimonic concepts of happiness are described as the expression and fulfillment of inner potential. I feel that both concepts of happiness are important and to reach ones highest level of happiness both need to be achieved.

Labor Unions1 essays

Labor Unions1 essays A labor union is as defined in the dictionary, an organization of wage earners formed for the purpose of serving the members' interests with respect to wages and working conditions. Today there are about 16 million workers in the U.S. that belong to a labor union. The pressure upon the employers to raise wages and improve working conditions in a major goal of the labor unions. Labor unions have been around for a long time. The earlier unions were called craft unions, consisting of only a couple members who worked in the same craft. The way unions negotiate for an employment contract is by collective bargaining. Collective bargaining is negotiation between the representatives of organized workers and their employer or employers to determine wages, hours, rules, and working conditions. When in collective bargaining, the unions represent its members in negotiations rather than have each worker negotiate individually with an employer. In order for the collective bargaining process can start a union shop must be organized. A union shop is a business or industrial establishment whose employees are required to be union members or to agree to join the union within a specified time after being hired. Once a union shop is formed the union will look to negotiate a labor contract, which is a written agreement between the employer and the union representing employees. The labor contract sets the conditions of employment. Although many union contracts are worked out through collective bargaining, there are times when this process fails to bring agreement between the union and management. In looking to achieve the unions goals, labor unions may use a variety of tactics. For example: striking, picketing, boycotting, slowdown, and in some cases illegal methods. A strike is when workers stop working for the purpose of gaining concessions from management. Strike is labors most powerful weapon because of the financial l ...

Hillary Clinton - Position on Illegal Immigration

Hillary Clinton - Position on Illegal Immigration Hillary Clintons position on illegal immigration has shifted over time. In her campaign for president in 2016, her most recent bid for election to public office, Clinton said she supported a path to citizenship for millions of people living in the United States illegally because it would be impractical to deport them all. If we take what we  know to be the realities that we confront - 12 to  14 million people here - what will we do with them? I hear the voices from the other side of the aisle. I hear the voices on TV and radio. And they are living in some other universe, talking about deporting people,  rounding them up. I dont agree with that and I dont think its practical, Clinton has said. She has said, however, that those who have committed crimes and pose a violent threat to public safety while living in America illegally should not be permitted to stay here. Clinton has said she favors humane, targeted, and effective enforcement of the laws against illegal immigration in the United States. During the 2016 presidential campaign, she defended President Barack Obamas controversial executive action  on immigration, which would have  allowed as many as five  million people living in the United States illegally temporary,  quasi-legal status and work permits. And she opposed the idea of building a massive wall along the U.S. border with Mexico and supported the rights of a growing number of refugees and asylum seekers to tell their stories. We need comprehensive immigration reform with a path to full and equal citizenship, Clinton said in January 2016. If Congress wont act, Ill defend President Obama’s executive actions - and Ill go even further to keep families together. Ill end family detention, close private immigrant detention centers, and help more eligible people become naturalized. Obamas program, called  Deferred Action for Parents of Americans and Lawful Permanent Residents, was essentially put on hold  by a June 2016 U.S. Supreme Court ruling. Clinton Opposed Banning Muslims Clinton has also voiced opposition to a policy put in place by Republican President Donald Trump to temporarily ban Muslims from entering the United States. Trump said his proposal was meant to prevent terrorist attacks on the homeland. But Clinton called the idea dangerous. â€Å"It goes against everything we stand for as a nation founded on religious liberty,† Clinton said. â€Å"He’s turned Americans against Americans, which is exactly what ISIS wants.† Clinton Mocked Trumps Border Wall But Supported a Fence On the campaign trail in 2016, Clinton openly derided Donald Trumps idea to build a tall wall along the length of the U.S. Mexico border. Hes talking about a very tall wall, right? A beautiful, tall wall. The most beautiful, tall, wall, better than the Great Wall of China, that would run the entire border, that he would somehow magically get the Mexican government to pay for. And, you know, its just fantasy. Clinton did, however, voter in favor of legislation to build a fence along 700 miles of the border, a bill called the Secure Fence Act of 2006. ... Where it was necessary, we did support some fencing, where it was necessary, we did add border patrol agents, Clinton said. Clinton Apologized for Saying  Illegal Immigrants Clinton apologized in 2015 for using the term illegal immigrants, which is considered dehumanizing. She used the term while speaking about securing the United States border with Mexico.  Well, I voted numerous times when I was a senator to spend money to build a barrier to try to prevent illegal immigrants from coming in, Clinton said.   She apologized when asked about her use of the term, saying:  That was a poor choice of words. As Ive said throughout this campaign, the people at the heart of this issue are children, parents, families, DREAMers. They have names, and hopes and dreams that deserve to be respected, Clinton said.   Clintons Shifting Position on Immigration Clintons position on immigrant hasnt been as consistent as it seems. She has come under fire from some Hispanics over her support of candidates who are viewed as unfriendly to establishing a pathway to citizenship.  As first lady under President Bill Clinton, she was  on record  as supporting the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, which expanded the use of deportation and limited conditions under which it could be appealed. She has also opposed the idea of giving drivers licenses to people living in the United States illegally, a position that drew some criticism. They are driving on our roads. The possibility of them having an accident that harms themselves or others is just a matter of the odds, Clinton has said. Clinton said during her run for the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination that she supported granting citizenship to people living here illegal if they meet certain conditions including paying a fine to the government, paying back taxes, and learning English. And she has also said children who cross the border illegally from Central America should be sent back as soon as it can be determined who responsible adults in their families are, because there are concerns whether all of them should be sent back. But I think all of them who can be should be reunited with their families. †¦ We have to send a clear message, just because your child gets across the border, that doesn’t mean the child gets to stay. So, we don’t want to send a message that is contrary to our laws or will encourage more children to make that dangerous journey.†

Australian Club and Gaming Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Australian Club and Gaming Management - Essay Example Throughout the country, governments not only operate lotteries, but they also maintain and sponsor many other forms of gambling. The lottery industry alone accounted for total spending at the consumer level of approximately $80 billion in 1993 (CALDWELL, G. T. 1994). Basically, Gambling as a form of recreation in Australia has become a national and very divisive issue. As state governments rely more on gambling for revenue-up to 15 percent of the state revenue in Victoria-unease in the community has grown over compulsive gambling and its social effects. In South Australia, the No Pokies Party elected Nick Xenophon to the upper house on an anti- gambling ticket in the last state election; in Victoria, the Baptist minister and social activist Tim Costello (the polar opposite brother of the Federal Coalition Government Treasurer and Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party, Peter) has conducted a long campaign against Premier Kennett's gambling fixations (Kennett lost government in 1999). Costello sees gambling as the very antithesis of the "spirit of Victoria," as it is touted, and believes the avalanche of gambling with the Internet, TABs (totalisator agency board betting shops) and pokies is tearing at the social fabric of the nation. As the Canadian social critic and theorist John Ralston Saul frequently points out, gambling is the last refuge of governments that have lost social consensus and the capacity to raise revenue for the common good. It is the sign of a nation in decay. (Interview of Costello April 23, 2000; John Ralston Saul, 1997) Main Body Since the early 1990s, there has been a marked increase in state sponsorship of all types of gambling. Some of these gambling activities include casino gambling, video poker, offtrack betting, keno, video lottery, and riverboat gambling. The rationale behind the introduction of all these new types of gambling ventures is the same as the one that was used to legitimize the lottery: The ever-increasing need for more state revenue more than supersedes any reservations about the appropriateness of sponsoring additional forms of gambling. Obviously, the gamble here is that the public not only will tolerate but will participate in these additional forms of gambling. The Australian nation spends $100 billion per year on gambling; it sucks off enormous sums from all areas of the economy and reduces funding which could be employed in the capital-starved public sector. In 1999, according to the December report of the Productivity Commission to the Howard government, gamblers lose more than $12 billion-or $886 per adult-a year and even the Coalition parties now want to call a halt to the spread of gambling further in Australian society. In 1998, 80 percent of Australians engaged in some form of gambling. In casinos on the Yarra (Melbourne), the Torrens (Adelaide), and the Derwent (Hobart), as well as in thousands of clubs and pubs and in the ubiquitous TABs, Australians are fixated on recreational gambling as part of their national birthright. These venues are touted as fun for all; in Victoria, where the state reaps a massive $600 million per

Economics D319B1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics D319B1 - Essay Example There are a great number of studies on wage rates and their distribution among workers with certain social and/or demographic characteristics. This essay proposes a theoretical framework and provides an analysis which predominantly complies with the existing literature. The author investigates the reasons behind the wage rates in the manufacturing sector in order to provide a forecast for the next decade. Today's picture of wage-rates in the manufacturing sector is determined by foreign markets' competition and the increased complexity of the jobs, which are moving away form the usual routine. Over the last few decades, the demand for workers in the manufacturing sector has increased. Employees with a high school diploma or less now face an increasingly sophisticated market in which new basic, physical and mechanical skills are required. The nature of low-skilled workers' jobs has changed due to the changes in labor market institutions. New technologies changed workplace organization and new types of goods and services were introduced. This led to unionization and improved organizational structure of the manufacturing industry. Topel (1993) defines several wage-rates determinants: immigration, education, inequality and female labor force participation, changes in product demand, international trade, and human capital investment. A study of Tachibanaki (1975), which covers twelve years (1958-1970), pays special attention to the influence of certain factors for wage-rate differentials. Tachibanaki's (1975) research uses major variables like sex (male or female), occupation, size of the firm, experience of the workers, age, working hours, bonuses, special payments. Tachibanaki (1975) agrees that the principal wage-rate differentials: differentials in education; racial and sexual discrimination; age; trade unions. The last two decades were marked by the constant growing globalization which has been proven to affect the demand on the manufacturing workers' market. This negative impact results in lower wages. According to Bogliacino (2009) there are two possible outcomes in terms of competition-limiting norms, depending on the time period (short run and medium run). Since this essay's goal is to provide a forecast for the future of wage-rates and their determinants, attention should be paid to the results on the mid-run, where "lower productivity growth is detrimental to wage growth" (Bogliacino, 2009). The question is, how does the process of globalization affect the bargaining power of workers in the manufacturing sector For the purposes of the essay SID (Sectoral Innovation Database) produced at the University of Urbino will be used. SID mixes data from several surveys regarding the economic performance of the EU countries. The unit of analysis comprises 21 industries belonging to manufacturing sector in the countries that comprise approx. 80 per cent of the European economy, namely France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Poland and Norway in the period between 1994 and 2006 (Table No.1). Table No. 1 Manufacturing industries included in the SID Industries NACE Food, drinks and

(The Roar of the Tiger Mom) Synthesis Assignment

(The Roar of the Tiger Mom) Synthesis - Assignment Example Therefore, the competitiveness of children is by far determined by whether the child is from the western or from the Chinese culture, and what competitiveness means in those cultural contexts. Thus, this synthesis seeks to digest the various tenets of making children competitive in the future, through taking an account of different approaches that are applicable. Different approaches to parenting represented by the western and the Chinese Models Parenting approaches define the competiveness of children in the future. The approaches of parenting can simply be defined as either the Chinese model, or the western model. The western model of parenting is open and free-range, where the parents allow their children to make some of the crucial choices in their lives, especially regarding their academic interests and the professions they would like to take (Behrens & Rosen, 2013). Therefore, according to the western model of parenting, children are allowed to see learning as fun, while avoidi ng stressing academic success upon the children, since â€Å"Western parents are extremely anxious about their children’s self-esteem† p144. ... r children’s academic performance, through instilling on them a culture of academic pursuit that is almost free of other educational activities, such as games and drama (Behrens & Rosen, 2013). Thus, Hanna Rosin, in her article, â€Å"Mother inferior† observes that â€Å"many American parents will read The Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, and feel somewhat defensive and regretful† p148. Chinese parents spend most of their time imploring their children to pursue academic excellence, which is then used as a measure of successful parenting in the Chinese culture. According to this model, whenever a child is not performing exemplarily in academics, then, definitely the parent has failed in his/her role of parenting. However, it is the Chinese mothers who play a great role in the education of their children, since the academic success of a child is used to measure the successful parenting of a Chinese mother (Behrens & Rosen, 2013). The most interesting aspect is that ; the Chinese mothers have developed strict guidelines on how their children should behave, in terms of what they should pursue and what they should engage in, in the course of their learning. While the Chinese parents may spend up to 10 times of their time engaging their children in academics, the western parents allows their children more free time, for which they can use in sports and games The Chinese applies the philosophy that â€Å"nothing is fun, until you are good at it† p143. Further, the Chinese parents apply the adage that to be good at something, one has to work, and children do not like working. Therefore, if a child has to become successful in anything, it is the duty of the parent to ensure that children are involved in working for what they are interested in. However, in denouncing this view,

Executive Summary on Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Executive Summary on Technology - Research Paper Example As such, the potential of saving business costs and increasing its efficiency while at the same time offering reliable services to the clients cannot be overlooked. The benefits of adopting cloud computing are numerous though there are also some risks that may be incurred. But given the increasing benefits of this technology that a company can utilize, adopting it will be essential. The company will benefit from faster deployment of new business capabilities, lower-risk business innovation, global scale outreach, more intelligent IT spending and easier automation of IT services and information from the relevant sites. Some of the risks to be incurred include outsourcing to an external provider which gives the flexibility but does not eliminate the risks incurred; storage of data outside the company may be of great concern and the probability of vendor lock-in due to the different services provided by each vendor. With such details, the company can make better decisions on how to deve lop the technical ability of the company. Introduction The main aim of this report is to explore the benefits of adopting a different strategy on the technological front. ... Interactions within and without have become easier, faster and more secure with each party expressly meeting their demands with such minimal supervision but with constant communication being core. Thus, speed, cupped with technology adds flexibility and responsiveness to interactions. It also allows for far-reaching collaboration with different applications connecting larger business networks. This allows for the blending of talents and abilities which makes innovation quite an important aspect of the company. Adopting cloud will be important in realizing these goals and the report herein will look at all these important attributes that make up this important technological drive. Therefore, the benefits herein will ensure that the reasons behind such a proposal will be adequately addressed with each point being explored further to ensure all risks and benefits are addressed before a conclusive decision can be made regarding the same. Each decision has to be viewed in relation to the business core policies, goals and objectives with the best decision made in favor these rather than individual interests. What is cloud computing? Globalization has made it important for every company to seek ways of reducing the costs while increasing its flexibility, versatility and innovation to capture more clients. Cloud computing describes the storage of data through internet connections. This creates virtual data storage capacities which are virtually unexplored in many cases due to the huge capacity that they possess. This reduces the manual storage capabilities, making it easier to automate services and archive them with ease. This may be done via a private cloud where services and infrastructure are maintained and managed by a third party or the company;

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 19

English - Essay Example But both forms of these English (British and American) are accepted as the base for the international world. â€Å"There are tremendous cultural differences between the US and the UK, despite having many similarities. People talk different, and not just in the accent or the words, but the general tone and meaning. They have different ways of making friends, finding jobs, interacting at the office† (Cultural differences between the US and the UK - Retrieved on 6/11/2008 from http://britishexpats.com/wiki/Cultural_differences_between_the_US_and_England) The Americans are generally very friendly in nature having no hesitation in speaking to even strangers though the friendship may not be deep. But they are not interested in time wasting meaningless conversations. But the England people normally will not interact that much freely like the Americans. They will keep a suspected eye always while dealing with the strangers. They are always busy or pretend to be like that. Family life is considered much important in American society compared to the society in England. The travelling nature o f the British people is more compare to the Americans. Majority of the Americans don’t even see any other countries while majority of the English people has been to some foreign country at some stage of their life. Racism is more in America compared to the England. But now it has changed substantially as seen in the recently concluded American president elections. The Americans are mostly proud of their ancestry compared to the British people. The sportsman spirit is more in the Americans than in the British people as seen in the football fans. â€Å"American society is more self cantered, combatitive and for want of better words â€Å"egotistical†. An American will come in and say I know you should do it this way and fall flat on their face if they get it wrong. The English would rather show appropriate â€Å"respect† to other peoples positions as it is likely that

Democratic Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Democratic Theory - Essay Example Such a philosophy places a high value on the equality of individuals and would free people as far as possible from restraints not self-imposed. It insists that necessary restraints be imposed only by the consent of the majority and that they are conventional to the principle of equality. In Athens, the citizens participated directly in making their laws. The Greek system of government was perhaps closer to a true democracy or rule by the people than any other history. Their civilization was broken down to into small city-states, and all the men voted on all issues of government. It was almost a total democracy except for the fact that women and slaves were not considered citizens and were not allowed to vote. The Greek system of democracy was ruled by a body of nine elected officials whom they called archons. These men who were aristocrats lead the government and had supreme control over all of the decree and criminal accusations in Athens. Problems took place when aristocrats became jealous of one another and rivalries developed under the early stages of Athenian democracy. The democracy of Athens was used in many ways other than it was designed for. It was abused by many rulers of that time. They were concerned with their own personal growth and because of their greed and selfishness they made laws and codes that would benefit their own personal gain. Perhaps they didn't get everything quite right for their time and place but they got enough right and there was enough contract to change with changing circumstances so that their civilization with all its arts and sciences succeed for 200 years until events, in the form of Alexander the Great, overcame them. Democracy in Middle Ages Though democracy was not directly instituted in the Middle Ages, many democratic ideas were ubiquitous throughout the period. Because Christianity, which taught that men were created equal in the eyes of God, was deeply entrenched into the society of the middle ages, the democratic idea of equality was understood by many people. However, the middle ages utilized another form of government, which was developed during this period called feudalism. Feudalism stressed that all people have certain rights and developed a system of courts to defend these rights. From these courts came the modern day judicial branch of the American government along with many of the ideas such as king councils, assemblies and eventually parliamentary systems. Thomas Hobbes Theory One of Hobbes theory is the State of Nature. To establish these conclusions, Hobbes invites us to consider what life would be like in a state of nature, that is, a condition without government. Perhaps we would imagine that people might fare best in such a state, where each decides for himself how to act, and is judge, jury and executioner in his own case whenever disputes arise-- and that at any rate, this state is the appropriate baseline against which to judge the justifiability of political arrangements. Hobbes terms this situation "the condition of mere nature", a state of perfectly private judgment, in which there is no agency with recognized authority to arbitrate disputes and

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 19

English - Essay Example But both forms of these English (British and American) are accepted as the base for the international world. â€Å"There are tremendous cultural differences between the US and the UK, despite having many similarities. People talk different, and not just in the accent or the words, but the general tone and meaning. They have different ways of making friends, finding jobs, interacting at the office† (Cultural differences between the US and the UK - Retrieved on 6/11/2008 from http://britishexpats.com/wiki/Cultural_differences_between_the_US_and_England) The Americans are generally very friendly in nature having no hesitation in speaking to even strangers though the friendship may not be deep. But they are not interested in time wasting meaningless conversations. But the England people normally will not interact that much freely like the Americans. They will keep a suspected eye always while dealing with the strangers. They are always busy or pretend to be like that. Family life is considered much important in American society compared to the society in England. The travelling nature o f the British people is more compare to the Americans. Majority of the Americans don’t even see any other countries while majority of the English people has been to some foreign country at some stage of their life. Racism is more in America compared to the England. But now it has changed substantially as seen in the recently concluded American president elections. The Americans are mostly proud of their ancestry compared to the British people. The sportsman spirit is more in the Americans than in the British people as seen in the football fans. â€Å"American society is more self cantered, combatitive and for want of better words â€Å"egotistical†. An American will come in and say I know you should do it this way and fall flat on their face if they get it wrong. The English would rather show appropriate â€Å"respect† to other peoples positions as it is likely that

The New Nissan Versa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The New Nissan Versa - Essay Example Logos is the use of reasoning to construct an argument. Advertisements, for example, make logical appeals in their presentation. The object of rhetoric analysis is a discourse that makes the principles of rhetoric analysis similar to those of discourse analysis. Rhetoric methods are applicable to objects like cars, castles, and computers among others. The aim of rhetoric is to persuade, appeal, motivate and inform specific audiences in particular situations. The video Nissan Versa 2012 Test Drive & Car Review by RoadflyTV with Emme Hall presents a review of the Nissan Versa 2012 with the goal of getting the readers to see how one can save on fuel as they drive the car. At the exterior of the car, there is a steel spare wheel and temporary spare tire, inside mounted spare tire, all season tires, and four-wheel covers. The interior front seats are ergonomic in that the driver’s seat is adjustable, covered with elegant clothes. The car also has bucket front seats. The roof has intermittent wipers and rear defoggers. There is also an air conditioner that makes the interior very comfortable. The new Nissan Versa has a maximum cargo capacity of 14.8 cu.ft. It has a rear trunk spoiler, chrome trunk accent, and splash guards. There is a gas-based type of engine with four inline cylinders. It has an EPA mileage, stability and traction control, electronic brake force distribution and emergency interior trunk release. On entertainment, there is a mast antenna, two speakers, and single CD player stereo and auxiliary MP3 audio input. The car also has a carpeted floor and trunk mats, illuminated kick plates and auto-dimming rearview mirror. In order for the presenter to effectively get her message across, she has used many strategies. An example is the use of didactic tone that makes the listener sound like a credible and experienced one creating a sense of superiority for herself and the reader.  

The movie Cromwell Essay Example for Free

The movie Cromwell Essay As the movie Cromwell so clearly indicates, the struggle between King Charles I and Parliament was an important one for the development of British government and government all over the world. The two sides came to a fork in a proverbial philosophical road and they could not overcome differences in those opinions. On one hand, King Charles I was looking to protect what he thought was a mandate from God to act how he wished as the King of England. The members of English Parliament were looking to protect not only their own interests, but the interests of the people of England in not allowing one person to gain absolute control of the country. King Charles operated primarily under the assumption that people would respect the manifesto of â€Å"Divine Right of Kings†. In his own mind, Charles was appointed to the throne by God and because of that, he had not only the right, but the mandate to do whatever he pleased. Along his line of thinking, King Charles had a responsibility to do God’s work while he occupied the top seat of the English monarchy. The King’s entire tenure in control was marred by the fact that he did whatever he wanted without first consulting the powers that existed in Parliament. He levied taxes against the people of the country without the approval of Parliament. That was outdone only by the fact that he married a Roman Catholic woman and took other actions which brought the vaunted Church of England dangerously close to their former roots of Catholicism. In doing this, he not only threatened the power of the men in Parliament, but he also threatened the sanctity of the nation, which so many parties had worked very hard to protect. Parliament helped to push the action to the point where a war was absolutely necessary. They were prominent members of English society that had to work very hard to get to where they were in the government. Though power was certainly not the only thing that concerned these men, it was definitely one of their primary concerns through the entire struggle. They did not want to give even an inch to the King; for fear that he might take that inch and run with it. That particular Parliament had seen what could happen when a King had complete control and they were not about to let it happen again without a fight. In addition, they wanted to protect the country’s economic system, which struggled for much of the reign of King Charles I. The power struggle between these two sides is one of the many historical events that has had a significant impact on how the American government works. When the forefathers of the United States took the time to frame the constitution, they took measures to create a balance of power. As a direct result of King Charles and the situation with Parliament, the American founding fathers were sure to put a system of checks and balances into the core of the country’s values. That was to make sure that no one party, be it the President, the courts, or Congress, could not have complete power and control over the country. The realized that when a leader tried to use religion to justify his actions, it made stopping such a mandate extremely difficult for both the commoners of the country and the people who also held control.

Huck Finn Grows Up :: essays research papers

Many changes violently shook America shortly after the Civil War. The nation was seeing things that it had never seen before, its entire economic philosophy was turned upside down. Huge multi-million dollar trusts were emerging, coming to dominate business. Companies like Rockefeller’s Standard Oil and Carnegie Steel were rapidly gobbling up small companies in any way possible. Government corruption was at what some consider an all time high. “The Rich Man’s Club'; dominated the Senate as the Gilded Age reached its peak. On the local front, mob bosses controlled the cities, like Tammany Hall in New York. Graft and corruption were at an all time high while black rights sunk to a new low. Even after experiencing freedom during the Civil War, their hopes of immediate equality died with the death of Lincoln. Groups like the KKK drove blacks down to a new economic low. What time would be better than this to write a book about the great American dream, a book about long h eld American ideals, now squashed by big business and white supremacy? Mark Twain did just that, when he wrote what is considered by many as the “Great American Epic';. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, “The great American epic,'; may be one of the most interesting and complex books ever written in the history of our nation. This book cleverly disguises many of the American ideals in a child floating down the Mississippi River on a raft with a black slave. On the outside of the story, one can see an exciting tale of heroism and adventure; however, that is not all. The book shows Mark Twain’s idea of the classic American idealism, consisting of freedom, morality, practicality, and an alliance with nature. Twain manages to show all this while poking fun at the emergence of the “robber barons,'; better know as the big business of the late nineteenth century. Twain portrays many different American values in this book by expressing them through one of the many different characters. The character that Twain chose to represent morality and maturation is none other than Huck Finn himself. Throughout the novel one sees many signs of chang e. The setting is constantly fluctuating, except for the constant Mississippi, and Huck and Jim, a runaway slave, under-go many changes themselves. At the end of the novel Huck Finn shows a large change in his level of maturity than he had exhibited in the beginning of the book.

Emperor Hadrian :: essays research papers

Emperor Hadrian The original home of the family of the Emperor Hadrian was Picenum, in Spain. Hadrian himself records that his immediate family came from Hadria, but settled in Italica in the reign of the Scipios. The Hadrian’s father was Aelius Hadrianus, a cousin of the Emperor Trajan; his mother was Domitia Paulina, a resident of Cadiz; his sister was Paulina, and his wife was Sabina. Hadrian was apparently born on the ninth day before the Kalends in February. At the age of ten, he became the ward of Ulpius Trajanus, his cousin, who had attained the rank of praetorian. Afterwards, he became so engrossed in the art of Greek study, that some dared to call him â€Å"Greekling†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At fifteen he returned to his native city, and immediately joined the military. It seemed apparent that his love for hunting was so strong, that he was criticized for it even while in military service, and for this reason Trajan recalled him back to Italica. When he returned, he was treated as Trajan’s son, and was later appointed to be one of the ten judges of the inheritance court, and later, one of the tribune of the Second Legion, the Adjutrix. As young Hadrian grew, he became more and more of a favorite to his ‘father’, Trajan. This caused some friction between Hadrian and some of his family members, namely Servanius; although there was no actual confrontational effects of this struggle to become Trajan’s favorite. On the fifth day before the Ides of August, Hadrian learned that his adoption by Trajan had become official, and later celebrated this while governor of Syria. Later, on the third day before the Ides of August, Hadrian le arned of Trajan’s death. Three days later, Hadrian ascended to the throne of the Roman Empire. As soon as he took possession of the empire’s power, Hadrian at once resumed the policy of devoting his attention to maintaining peace throughout the world. Although his foreign policy seemed peaceful, his interior suspicions remained with a wary eye, and he later imprisoned some of his political enemies, namely Laberius Maximus and Crassus Frugi. Hadrian even had an assassination that failed to kill him, planned by Nigrinus, of whom Hadrian had planned to succeed him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the years passed, he showed to the people of the Roman Empire that he was a skilled architect, and that he was. He helped make it possible for there to be games in nearly every Roman city, with vast facets of entertainment of every kind just around the corner in a Roman city.

Textron Inc and Cessna 172

Textron Inc is a very critical company in the aeronautical industry, with operations in aircraft industry and finance all over the globe. The company runs its operations in four segments namely Cessna, Bell, Finance and Industrial. The Bell segment has the responsibility of manufacturing and supplying helicopters, tilt-rotor aircrafts and the other helicopter accessories like spare parts plus it offers services for commercial purposes and military applications.Bell segment also manufactures other products like precision weapons for use in both airborne and ground based surveillance systems, missile control, intelligence software, armored vehicles and turrets, and other machinery used in defense systems, aerospace and aviation industry. Cessna segment is charged with the responsibility of manufacturing the common aviation aircrafts like the single engine turboprops, business jets, and single engine piston aircraft plus offering the after sell services.The industrial segment is concern ed with making designs and manufacturing the blow molded systems and others blow molded accessories mainly for the automobile operations and manufacturing. It supplies camshafts for automobile industry and metal fuel fillers; it also supplies plastic containers for use in the industrial sector, laboratories and for domestic use. Blow molded fuel apparatus are for the land vehicles and watercraft use.Other products include hydraulics, industrial pumps, polymer machinery, and instruments for use in electrical industry, combustion engines and other related equipment. The financial segment finances the aircraft industry, offers asset based loans, distributes finance; finances golf, resort and structure capital. Textron supplies its products via distributors and sales representatives. Strategic Management Textron Inc was established in 1923 with the first operations in providence in Rhode Island.Strategic management in any business or other organizations describes the art of planning the operations and other performances at the highest possible level. This is the responsibilities of the company’s management and should focus on establishing a foundation and organization structure that will be executed by the collective effort of every individual employee of the company (Pearse & Robinson 2000). Textron Inc has a unique management strategy that covers the core aspects of management i. e.Business objectives, means of achieving the objectives and the resources required to make it happen. The company’s mission statement â€Å"to be the world leading provider of professional tool group by manufacturing high quality innovative products as required by client-driven blueprint and integrated supply chain superiority† explains its objective apart from making profits (Pearse & Robinson 2000). Corporate Management The management of the Textron Inc is very effective and committed to implementing their policies so as to meet the company as well as individual objectives.Currently, the organization is managed by a chairman who is also the president and the (CEO) chief executive officer. The president heads the management committee, international advisory council and the transformational management team. Currently Lewis B Campbell is the President of Textron inc. the strategic management plan is executed by allocation of several roles and taking responsibilities as well as working as a team.The president has revolutionized the performance of Textron Inc by reshaping its product portfolio, changing the operational goals and has managed to bring together the venture-wise synergies and thus achieving larger operation effectiveness (Fayerweather 2007). Textron Inc has a senior several vice presidents who take care of different roles as it will be shown in the text. The first vice president is the senior vice president for Textron Inc international and marketing operation.He is charged with the responsibility of research and execution internati onal devolvement opportunities for the company plus carrying out functional leadership sales and marketing on the international market. He is also a member of the transformational leadership team (Fayerweather 2007). The executive vice president and principal innovation officer is responsible for implementing and supervising the global technology center based in India; overseeing the engineering processes, information technology systems, Textron six sigma and establishing and executing proper distribution/integrated supply chains.Executive vice president is also a member of the Textron’s transformational leadership team as well as the management committee, which is a clear indication of teamwork and collective responsibility (Pearse & Robinson 2000). Corporate management in itself is a profession and needs someone to oversee the operations so that the management does not override their roles and the vice president business ethics and corporate secretary is responsible for all these (Pearse & Robinson 2000). He takes care of all the corporate secretarial roles and supervises compliance.The Executive vice president administration and prime human resources official is one of the vice presidents working for Textron inc and is responsible for supervising the international human resource operations, corporate real estate, offer administrative services and manages the company’s aviation department and community affairs. The executive vice president administration and human resources is a member of the management committee and transformational management team (Pearse & Robinson 2000).The vice president and chief information officer; this is one of the top management posts that are critical to Textron Inc and covers even the Textron’s information services. It is the responsibility of the vice president to guide the daily operations of the Textron information services (TIS); carrying out management duties of TIS as the executive, supervising the bus iness units plus working together with chief information officers (CIO’s); he is responsible for outsourcing relationships, supervising Textron’s information Management council as well as carry out the management role over Textron information technology (Fayerweather 2007).The financial segment of Textron is managed by its own president who is also the chief operating officer of Textron financial corporation (TFC). TFC is diversification strategy into the commercial sector and it’s a financial company with main operations in aircraft finance, resort finance, golf finance and other field described earlier under finance segment of Textron Inc (Fayerweather 2007). The president carries out the managerial roles supervising all the operations of TFC and serves as a member of Textron transformational leadership team.The vice president of mergers and acquisitions is in charge of supervising developmental activities and manage the venture expansion projects that include acquisitions, mergers and strategic partnerships and serves on Textron’s enterprise – wide Finance Council (Fayerweather 2007). The executive vice president and chief operation officer is in charge of supervising the manufacturing process in business units including the functioning of the corporation’s information technology, global sourcing duties and the six sigma.He also chairs the company’s Operating Committee and also a member of Management Committee and Transformational management Team. The vice president strategy and business development for Textron Inc has an obligation to work in collaboration with the senior management across the venture to create and implement business units plus coming up with corporate strategies for development, expansion, profitability and increasing return on investment (Pearse & Robinson 2000). The vice president here is also the corporate officer and a member of transformational leadership team.The vice president and de puty general counsel of Textron takes responsibility of corporate legal staff with key obligations of supervising all legal matters except court cases including mergers and acquisitions, compliance, anti-trust, corporate finance, government contracts and intellectual property (Textron 2009). The vice president Textron audit services reports to the audit committee of board of directors about all the internal audits in which he supervises their activities and also risk management process. The industrial segment is managed by a president and is divide in to four; E-Z-GO, Greenlee, Jacobsen and Kautex.All these divisions are run by presidents who are members of transformational leadership team. The Textron’s executive vice president supervises the strategic development, corporate functions; oversees international relationship and investor relations. Actually the management team of Textron is large with every segment having a president and several vice presidents; the following is a brief look at the remaining executive team members; vice president Textron six sigma is responsible for implementation of the project six sigma including Cessna Aircraft, E-Z-GO, and Bell helicopters (Fayerweather 2007).The vice president and treasure supervises the financial activities of the company, the international treasury dealings, and other related responsibilities. The Bell helicopters are managed by a president who is the chief executive officer and works closely with the executive vice president. This VP also takes the role of a general counsel. The vice president takes care of ethical and compliance issues as well as the safety and environmental operations. Cessna Aircraft Company is managed by a president who is the CEO (Fayerweather 2007). The vice president has the obligation to supervise global tax function.Kautex has a president who is also the CEO and a member of the transformational leadership team. Textron Systems Corporation is managed by the executive vice p resident and has eight business units, vice president investors relations who is also the company’s corporate officer is responsible for issuing the strategies and delivering financial presentation to investment and business community around the globe(Textron 2009). Jacobsen is managed by independent president who is also the CEO, he also responsible for the all operations in the golf, sports and ground care and equipment manufacture.The senior vice president and corporate controller report to the executive vice president (the chief financial official), and take the responsibility of supervising internal and external financial and accounting reports, plans and analyses. He is also responsible for spearheading transformations in financial activities (Textron 2009). The company has a board of directors committed to providing the strategic management supervision and international investment point of view while at the same time maintaining rigorous management principles on behalf on the investors.The Strategy The management of Textron is committed to fulfilling the objective of the company and to achieve its mission. The most crucial strategy is the enterprise management; this includes construction, organizing and leveraging world class performance abilities through a model based on customers’ design and requirements and processes (Textron 2009). The company is expanding by mergers and acquisitions, the major one being the acquisition of Cessna aircrafts. Product portfolio and portfolio management is another aspect critical to future successes.It includes identification, selection and acquisition of the correct mix for the businesses so as to attain the maximal performance through the ability of the management team (Textron 2009). In order to attain these, Textron aims to make clients successful, attract and develop talent plus implementing world class operations in production and through innovations. The major feature already in place include implem enting the correct supply chain technique, development of new technology like six sigma project and offering shared services. ConclusionTextron Inc is an international business merger that operates in four segments and manages other auxiliary business units that include Cessna aircraft, golf equipments, and Bell helicopters. Being a large conglomerate, Textron has seen the expansion of Cessna with innovations making it the largest aviation company on the planet. The major factor contributing to these successes is the creation of world class competencies. Textron is a multi-industry venture with very talented management that has maintained the correct mix of ventures.The company is currently improving its capability to acquire and incorporate other ventures to enhance competencies and improve shareholder value. References Fayerweather J. (2007). Management of International Operations. Text and Cases. McGraw – Hill. New York Pearse J. A & Robinson R. B (2000). Strategic Managem ent. Formulation, Implementation and Control. Irwin/McGraw – Hill. New York Textron Inc (2009) About Textron. NYSE (TXT) retrieved on 17th January 2009 from http://www. textron. com/about/company/vision_and_strategy/index.

H&M Hennes & Mauritz Ab in Retailing

Hennes & Mauritz (H&M) AB in Retailing December 2009 Scope of the Report Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Scope †¢ This global company profile covers the following products focusing on the year 2009: Retailing: US$10,430 billion Store-based Retailing: US$9,829 billion Non-Store Retailing: US$601 billion Clothing & Footwear Specialist Retailers: US$791 billion Homeshopping: US$190 billion Internet Retailing: US$243 billionDisclaimer Much of the information in this briefing is of a statistical nature and, while every attempt has been made to ensure accuracy and reliability, Euromonitor International cannot be held responsible for omissions or errors Figures in tables and analyses are calculated from unrounded data and may not sum. Analyses found in the briefings may not totally reflect the companies’ opinions, reader discretion is advised Learn More To find out more about Euromonitor International's complete range of business ntelligence on industries, countries and consumers please visit www. euromonitor. com or contact your local Euromonitor International office: London + 44 (0)20 7251 8024 Vilnius +370 5 243 1577 Chicago +1 312 922 1115 Dubai +971 4 609 1340 Singapore +65 6429 0590 Cape Town +27 21 552 0037 Shanghai +86 21 63726288 Santiago +56 2 4332226 2 Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Strategic Evaluation Competitive Positioning Geographic Opportunities Category Opportunities Brand and Operational Strategies Recommendations 3 Strategic EvaluationRetailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Key Company Facts Hennes & Mauritz (H) AB Headquarters Regional Involvement Stockholm, Sweden Asia Pacific, Eastern Europe, North America, Western Europe, Middle East and Africa Clothing and footwear specialist retailers, homeshopping, internet retailing H robust performance in battle with Inditex †¢ The world’s second largest clothing and footwear Sector Inv olvement World clothing and footwear 1. 7% (2009) specialist retailers share 1. 5% (2008) Retail sales value growth (US$) -4. 1% (2009) 17. % (2008) specialist retailer in 2009, behind Inditex, and ahead of Gap, H continued to record strong sales growth in 2008 and 2009. This was achieved partly thanks to a strong performance in its largest market, Germany, with sales in local currency terms up by double-digits. †¢ Inditex’s and H battle for the world’s largest clothing and footwear retailer position is closely fought, while Gap, which was the world’s largest player in this channel until 2007, has been significantly left behind by the leading two. Hennes & Mauritz (H) AB – Sales excl.VAT vs Profit After Tax 90,000 SEK million 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Sales excl VAT Profit after tax 18,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 SEK million 16,000 H profits remain healthy †¢ H registered sales excluding VAT of S EK88. 5 billion (US$13. 7 billion) in 2008, an increase of 13% over the year, with profit after tax also up 13% to SEK15. 3 billion (US$2. 4 billion), which highlights the group’s high margin. †¢ Its major rival, Inditex, recorded revenue of EUR10. 4 billion (US$14. 5 billion) in 2008, up 10% on the previous year, with net profit up 0. % to EUR1. 3 billion (US$1. 8 billion). Gap registered sales of US$14. 5 billion, down 8% in the year, as it suffered from poor conditions in its core US market, though the company’s net profit grew by 16% to US$967 million, helped by cost savings. 4 Strategic Evaluation Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Q3 results: Resilient Performance, Continued Expansion Hennes & Mauritz (H) AB – Q1 to Q3 Sales excluding VAT (SEK billion) Profit after tax (SEK billion) Net margin (%) 73. 4 (2009) 62. 2 (2008) 10. 2 (2009) 10. 2 (2008) 13. 9 (2009) 16. (2008) Resilient performance, with sales driven by stor e network expansion †¢ H sales excluding VAT grew by 13% to SEK23. 6 billion (US$3. 4 billion) in the third quarter ending August 2009. Group profits after tax continued to rise, up by 4% to SEK3. 5 billion (US$506 million). †¢ However, same-store sales declined slightly in local currency terms, with consumer sentiment remaining subdued and hindering sales of non-grocery retailers, especially in the US, while the German market was resilient and strong gains were made in Italy. †¢ For the nine months to August 2009, sales were up by 18% to SEK73. billion (US$10. 6 billion), with growth boosted by new store openings. Profits after tax were up by 0. 2% to SEK10. 2 billion (US$1. 5 billion). Low inventory levels were a major factor contributing to keep costs down. Inditex records lower sales growth than H †¢ Inditex recorded revenues up by 7% to reach EUR4. 9 billion (US$7. 1 billion) in the six months to July 2009. Growth in Asia’s emerging markets continued to boost revenues, especially in China and Hong Kong, offsetting a negative economic environment in its Spanish domestic market where it saw a strong decline in like-for-like sales. Although impacted by the recession in Europe, Inditex’s profits were resilient, helped by efficient cost controls. The group recorded net income down by only 8% on the previous year to EUR375 million (US$550 million), despite sustained investments in network expansion. 5 Hennes & Mauritz (H) AB – Net Sales excl VAT vs Profit After Tax 75,000 72,500 70,000 SEK million 67,500 65,000 62,500 60,000 57,500 55,000 52,500 50,000 2008 Q1 to Q3 Net sales excl VAT 2009 Q1 to Q3 Profit after tax 12,000 11,500 SEK million 11,000 10,500 10,000 9,500 9,000 8,500 8,000Strategic Evaluation Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International SWOT – Hennes & Mauritz (H) AB Brand recognition: low price and style Combining style innovations and low prices are staple attributes of the H br and on which it has built strong consumer recognition. High profile advertising and collaboration with designers help make stores shopping destinations and raise the desirability of its ranges. Operational efficiency A strong control of the whole logistics process helps H achieve low costs, while low inventory contributes to maintain margins.Reliance on outsourcing The reliance on production outsourcing, unlike other rivals such as Inditex, puts H at greater risks of damaging its reputation in terms of product quality and poor labour conditions in developed countries. Modest presence in emerging markets Despite being a global player present in 33 markets, H has developed its presence in Europe and North America mostly, unlike Inditex operating in over 70 countries including many emerging markets. Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities ThreatsInternet retailing The rapid growth of clothing and footwear sales through internet retailing is expected to continue and give H opportunities to r each a wider audience, especially in its core demographic target, teenagers and young adults, whose purchases are often influenced by the internet. Untapped potential in emerging markets Urbanisation, increased disposable incomes and changing lifestyles making the population more aware of fashion trends give major growth opportunities in large emerging markets such as China and Russia. There is also potential in markets where H is absent such as Turkey and Romania.Non-food expansion of grocery retailers Hypermarkets and mass merchandisers including Carrefour, Target, Tesco and Wal-Mart are set to continue developing their offer of non-food products and compete directly against H in the value segment of clothing and footwear retailing. Fast fashion becoming more competitive H faces a growing threat from a number of direct competitors with increasingly global ambitions at the low-priced end of the market such as Associated British Foods with Primark, Fast Retailing with Uniqlo and Mar ks & Spencer, alongside a resurgent Gap. 6 Strategic Evaluation Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz Euromonitor International Key Strategic Objectives and Challenges Speed to market and price strategy Fast product turnaround, flexibility and speed to market are major elements determining fast fashion retailers’ operational efficiency. H record is strong comparable to Inditex in most aspects, although Inditex has an advantage regarding speed to market, as a result of its vertical integration business model. In the midst of the global economic crisis particularly affecting clothing and footwear specialists, H chose to avoid heavy discounting in order to maintain its margins and profits.However, more aggressive price wars may force it to discount more and hit its margins. Ongoing international expansion with a focus on emerging markets H presence in emerging markets is less important than Inditex’s, which has a major store network in Latin America and more stores in the M iddle East and Africa. Expanding in emerging markets remains a priority for H, although growth prospects remain strong in developed markets such as Canada and the US where it can enter numerous new cities, especially in Southern States where it has a modest presence.H CEO KarlJohan Persson appointed in July 2009 restated the group’s global expansion targets, although it appears to be slower than expected, with around 160 new stores likely to be opened out of 225 initially planned for 2009. Maintain brand image and increase desirability Collaborations with designers will need to be continued and reinvented to make products more desirable, make stores more popular shopping destinations and strengthen the emotional bond with consumers and H.Distinctive store layout has been used successfully by Inditex with its Zara chain to convey the desirability of its clothes, and this is a strategy that H could also implement to make the store designs a more important aspect of its strategy . This could allow H to maintain an advantage over smaller rivals with increasing global ambitions for their brands such as Primark and Uniqlo. Late entry into internet retailing Although growth in internet retailing sales is particularly promising for clothing and footwear retailers, H has been a late entrant and will struggle to seize the opportunities offered by this channel.It has left numerous other retailers including pure play internet retailers such as Amazon and Asos and the homeshopping specialist Otto take a lead. Hence, it will be difficult for H to target these consumers and generate traffic to its websites, although it could rely on high-profile advertising and innovative sites to succeed. 7 Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Strategic Evaluation Competitive Positioning Geographic Opportunities Category Opportunities Brand and Operational Strategies Recommendations 8 Competitive Positioning Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz Euromonitor International H Performs Strongly but Growth is Matched by Inditex †¢ International expansion and fashionable product assortment led to strong growth for H and its main rival Inditex, despite a marked slowdown in 2009 due to the global economic crisis and the strength of the US dollar. Clothing & Footwear Specialist Retailers – World – Retail Value RSP excl Sales Tax – US$ – % Year-on-Year Growth 28 24 20 16 12 8 4 0 -4 -8 -12 2005 % y-o-y growth A C B 2006 World C Mode Brenninkmeijer & Co INDITEX – Industria de Diseno Textil 2007 2008 Hennes & Mauritz (H) AB Gap Inc, The 2009A – H sales record strong growth, on a par with C, thanks to global store network expansion. However, Inditex outperforms H thanks to more aggressive network expansion not only in Western Europe, but also in emerging markets. B – Gap under-performs its main rivals, hindered by a strong reliance on its low-growth domestic market and a less aggressive price s trategy than H. Gap’s image also suffers from a product assortment perceived as more staid than H and Inditex’s. C – The rise of the US dollar against other global currencies in 2009 is causing a fall in value sales for all retailers.H low-priced positioning and its wide global presence helps the company remain resilient in a challenging environment for non-grocery retailers. 9 Competitive Positioning Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Competitive Context: Inditex and H on the Rise World – Top 10 Clothing & Footwear Specialist Retailers 2005-2009 Company name INDITEX – Industria de Diseno Textil Hennes & Mauritz (H) AB Gap Inc, The C Mode Brenninkmeijer & Co Ross Stores Inc Fast Retailing Co Ltd Shinamura Co Ltd Limited Brands Inc Benetton Group SpA Burlington Coat Factory Warehouse Corp 5-year 2009 % 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 trend share ?Gap loses its crown †¢ Gap saw declining sales in 2007 3 3 2 1 1 1. 7 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2 1 4 6 8 12 5 11 2 1 4 6 8 14 5 12 3 1 4 5 8 11 7 10 2 3 4 5 6 11 7 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. 7 1. 5 1. 4 0. 8 0. 8 0. 5 0. 5 0. 5 and 2008, due to unfavourable economic conditions in its US domestic market, which accounted for 81% of its global sales through the clothing and footwear specialists channel. †¢ Compared to H, Gap’s higher price positioning hindered its sales, especially in 2008 and 2009 as the global economic crisis dampened consumer spending. Fast Retailing and Shinamura rising Japan-based Fast Retailing posted a strong performance among the top ? 10 10 12 14 10 0. 4 10 global players, helped partly by the strengthening of the yen to the Note: 2009 provisional data US dollar. Competing with a similar price positioning to H, Fast Strong growth for H, overtakes Gap but is surpassed by Inditex Retailing expanded outside Japan, †¢ Strong sales growth for H over the 2005-2008 period enabled it to especially in China and South overtake key rival Gap . H business model based on low-priced fast Korea, and announced at the end of fashion proved highly popular with consumers. 008 its intentions to open stores in †¢ However, Inditex recorded a stronger performance than H, thanks to a European markets and in the US. more aggressive expansion strategy, especially in emerging markets. The latter was partly helped by a greater reliance on franchised outlets. Although †¢ As Japan’s second largest clothing and footwear retailer, Shinamura’s H new store opening strategy was also ambitious, its presence in ranking was also boosted by emerging markets remained modest compared to Inditex’s. avourable exchange rates, but also †¢ Inditex also benefited from a vertical integration business model enabling it to thanks to new store openings. renew collections more frequently than its main rivals, including H. 10 Competitive Positioning Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International H and Indi tex Neck-and-Neck †¢ H and Inditex have both been highly successful in the clothing and footwear specialists channel over the 2004- 2009 period. Their positioning based on low-priced fast fashion enables them to appeal to a wide range of consumers, especially since 2008 and with the major world economies entering recession.Their fast fashion business model also gives the two players the flexibility to change collections rapidly to adapt to consumer tastes, although Inditex has the edge over H in this respect. †¢ International network expansion was also a major part in driving sales of both companies, although Inditex has a greater presence in emerging markets, especially thanks to a wide reach in Latin America. Thanks to its greater reliance on franchising, new market entry requires fewer resources and entails less risk for Inditex than for H, which is more biased towards company-owned outlets. Although both companies saw their World – Retailing Sales 2004-2009 reta il sales in US dollar terms hit by the fall in the value of the euro 15,000 against the US dollar, they retained their lead over Gap. The latter’s 12,500 strong dependence on the US market proved a disadvantage, as it suffered 10,000 disproportionately from the recession in its domestic market in 2008 and 7,500 2009, which it could not offset with expansion in emerging markets, where it remains absent. ,000 †¢ In addition, Gap adopted a less aggressive pricing strategy than its 2,500 peers, thus losing share rapidly to H and Inditex, but also to players 0 in other channels in the US such as 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 mass merchandisers Target and WalHennes & Mauritz (H) AB INDITEX – Industria de Diseno Textil Mart. Retail value sales rsp excl tax (US$ mn) 11 Competitive Positioning Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Overall Stagnation in Sales per OutletWorld – Top 10 Clothing & Footwear Specialist Retailers – Sales per Outlet 2004-2009 – US$ Fixed Exchange Rates Company name INDITEX – Industria de Diseno Textil Hennes & Mauritz (H) AB Gap Inc, The C Mode Brenninkmeijer & Co Ross Stores Inc Fast Retailing Co Ltd Shinamura Co Ltd Limited Brands Inc Benetton Group SpA Burlington Coat Factory Warehouse Corp Note: 2009 provisional data 2004 3,130,909 7,103,455 5,233,467 7,658,816 6,571,607 5,663,966 3,168,427 2,541,956 916,038 8,482,203 2005 3,222,196 7,072,943 4,976,290 7,435,090 6,719,945 4,185,028 3,129,442 2,686,424 911,815 9,062,259 2006 3,245,793 7,102,853 4,882,942 7,276,803 6,967,172 3,720,254 3,222,800 2,799,494 896,071 9,090,081 2007 3,374,326 7,194,397 4,648,360 7,195,536 7,136,890 3,884,908 3,196,295 2,778,019 913,342 9,032,800 2008 3,291,002 7,279,016 4,180,204 6,979,826 6,784,922 4,520,068 3,201,177 2,636,235 949,993 8,904,762 2009 3,267,473 7,303,864 3,753,935 6,843,244 7,238,611 5,203,178 3,163,917 2,543,005 960,191 8,068,446 % growth 2004/2009 4. 4 2. 8 -28. 3 -10. 6 10. 1 -8. 1 -0. 1 0. 0 4. 8 -4. 9Modest growth in sales per outlet for most players, including H †¢ The growth trend in sales per outlet broadly matches the trends in overall sales growth for the top four global retailers, with H and Inditex outperforming C and Gap. Higher sales per outlet for H compared to Inditex largely reflects H larger average outlet size. †¢ Downward price pressure and prevalent discounting in apparel retailing, accompanied by the growing reliance on production outsourcing to low labour cost countries in the clothing industry, contributed to the stagnation or slight decline in sales per outlet for most retailers, especially for C and Fast Retailing. Sharp contraction for Gap †¢ Gap’s higher-priced positioning and its relative resistance to discounting led to a sharp drop in sales per outlet, as it pted to maintain its margins at the expense of overall sales growth. 12 Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Str ategic Evaluation Competitive Positioning Geographic Opportunities Category Opportunities Brand and Operational Strategies Recommendations 13 Geographic Opportunities Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International A Global Player Still Dependent on Western Europe †¢ Among H top 10 global markets in 2009, all of them were located in Western Europe apart from one, the US. This highlights the company’s modest presence in emerging markets. Western Europe will account for 84% of the group’s sales in 2009.This proportion exceeded 90% in 2005, which illustrates H relative success in expanding its presence globally in order to offset the maturity and saturation in Western Europe’s clothing and footwear retailing. †¢ The company’s largest market, Germany, will account for 26% of world sales in 2009. No other market had a share of global sales exceeding 10%, while the domestic market, Sweden, accounts for 5%, which shows that H is not overly dependent on the economy of a single market. In comparison to H, Inditex is more dependent on its domestic market, which will generate 37% of its world sales in 2009. Both companies seek to extend their global reach, especially in emerging markets, although Inditex has a clear lead in this respect.Hence, H operates in 33 markets as of October 2009, compared to around 70 markets for Inditex. Hennes & Mauritz (H) AB – Clothing & Footwear Specialist Retailers (Company's 10 Largest Markets) 2. 0 1. 5 %CAGR 2009-2014 Netherlands Norway Spain 1. 0 Austria 0. 5 Sweden 0. 0 -0. 5 -1. 0 -1. 5 -2. 0 -2. 5 0 25,000 50,000 75,000 100,000 Market Size 2009 (US$ mn) 125,000 150,000 175,000 France Switzerland USA Opportunity Zone Germany United Kingdom Bubble size shows company sales in market, range displayed: US$536 – 3,497 mn 14 Geographic Opportunities Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Western Europe: Ongoing Expansion for H&M and Inditex H& M has a wide presence covering most Western European markets, in which its two main competitors are Inditex and C&A. All three companies have seen their share increase over the 2004-2009 period at the expense of smaller players, especially those with a national presence only. †¢ The shares of H&M and Inditex were driven by aggressive continuous network expansion across most markets. H&M has seen major ongoing store network expansion in most major European markets in 2008 and 2009, especially in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK. Its business model has proved to be relatively recession-proof, thanks to its low prices. †¢ C&A has been distanced by the two largest operators.Positioned as a value retailer targeted at families, C&A lost ground thanks to a less fashionable image and an inferior international presence. The company is absent from major European markets including Italy and the UK, and over 50% of its sales in Western Europe are derived from the German market . Clothing & Footwear Specialist Retailers: Retail Value RSP excl Sales Tax – Company Shares by GBO 4 % value share 3 2 1 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 14 12 % value share 10 Hennes & Mauritz (H&M) AB Company Shares – Top 6 Markets – Clothing & Footwear Specialist Retailers – Retail Value RSP excl Sales Tax 8 6 4 2 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 C&A Mode Brenninkmeijer & Co Hennes & Mauritz (H&M) AB INDITEX – Industria de Diseno Textil France Netherlands SwedenGermany Spain United Kingdom 15 Geographic Opportunities Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Western Europe: Primark Emerges as New Major Player Primark expends beyond the British Isles to emerge as a new European player †¢ Primark, owned by Associated British Foods, only recently expanding outside Ireland and the UK with its first outlets in Spain in 2008 and Portugal and test stores in Germany and the Netherlands in 2009, has ambitions to develop a wid e pan-European network. A new market entry is planned in Belgium in 2010. The success recorded by its first stores in Spain indicates that it could become a major Europe-wide player. With a strong brand image based on low prices and trendy collections following fashion trends closely, Primark targets teenagers and young adults, thus competing directly against H&M in terms of demographic and price positioning. Clothing & Footwear Specialist Retailers – Western Europe and United KingdomRetail Value RSP excl Sales Tax – Company Shares by GBO 6 5 % value share 4 3 2 1 0 WE – Hennes & Mauritz (H&M) AB WE – Associated British Foods Plc (ABF) 2005 2006 2007 UK – Hennes & Mauritz (H&M) AB 2008 2009 UK – Associated British Foods Plc (ABF) 16 Geographic Opportunities Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Recent and Planned Market Entries: Japan, South Korea †¢ Although geographic expansion has been a central feature o f H&M’s strategy, it has focused until recently on Europe nd North America, in contrast to Inditex venturing in several markets in Latin America and Asia Pacific and C&A’s major presence in Brazil. Recent new market entries in Japan in September 2008 and the planned entry in South Korea in spring 2010 confirm H&M’s adoption of a strategy to be less dependent on Europe and North America. Successful new entry in Japan in 2008 †¢ With its first store in the upmarket shopping district of Ginza in Tokyo, H&M’s market entry was successful. Initial reception was very favourable to the new chain, with around 50,000 shoppers visiting the Ginza store over the first week of opening, and a second Tokyo store was opened in November 2008 in the trendy district of Harajuku. The Harajuku outlet was the first H&M worldwide to sell the fashion labelComme des Garcons, with a collection designed by the Japanese designer Rei Kawakubo. This strategy helped create anticipa tion ahead of the new store opening among fashion-conscious consumers and gives H&M a more exclusive image in Japan than it has in other markets. †¢ Two more outlets in Tokyo are planned by the end of 2009 and a fifth is due to open in 2010, in Osaka. In order to expand faster in the mature Japanese market and to match the scale of its larger rival Inditex, H&M is considering acquisitions to be a possible expansion strategy. Intense price competition in Japan †¢ In a market hit by severe recession in 2009, price competition for clothing and footwear items has intensified. This as highlighted by mass merchandiser chains Justo (Aeon), Ito-Yokado (Seven & I) and Seiyu (Wal-Mart) starting to offer jeans at around ? 1,000 in 2009. Among H&M’s most direct competitors in terms of price and image, the dynamic player Fast Retailing with the Uniqlo chain combining low price and fashionable ranges, followed a similar price move in 2009. However, regardless of price H&M has an advantage in terms of fast fashion in being able to source and offer new products and refresh its collection more frequently than Fast Retailing. South Korea – following in the footsteps of Inditex †¢ Following its successful entry in Japan, H&M plans to open its first outlet in South Korea in March 2010 at a flagship store in Seoul’s business district of Myungdong.In a market less saturated than Japan’s and with fewer major international clothing and footwear specialist chains, H&M is expected to be successful. However, similarly to Japan, H&M enters after Inditex has already established a footprint in 2007 and expanded rapidly since. 17 Geographic Opportunities Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Further Growth in Large Emerging Markets: China, Russia †¢ With little presence in emerging markets, H&M is attempting to catch up with rivals, especially by expanding in large emerging markets, especially in China and Russia. Ongoing expansion in China to continue †¢ Following market entry in Hong Kong in 2007, H&M expanded rapidly in 2008 and 2009 with new stores in mainland China.Sales in China accounted for almost 1% of global sales in 2009. The first outlet in Beijing was opened in April 2009 south of Tiananmen Square, with H&M becoming the first foreign retailer to be present in this newly renovated part of the city. In order to create more anticipation around the store opening among consumers, it coincided with the launch of a new collection in collaboration with the designer Matthew Williamson. H&M’s presence in China is expected to continue expanding rapidly through new store openings, both in existing cities and by entering new cities where it can target the rapidly growing number of middle-class urban consumers. Among H&M’s global rivals, although Inditex expanded in China and Hong Kong earlier than H&M and has a stronger presence with more outlets, it has a less developed su pplier network in Asia than H&M, and as a result it can struggle to offer competitive prices to compete against H&M and also against local players, which may lead to the adoption a more differentiated positioning than in other markets. †¢ With Gap planning to enter China in 2010, it is likely that a greater number of international clothing and footwear specialist retailers will enter the market. Competing in a similar price segment to H&M, Fast Retailing announced at the end of 2008 its long-term objective to have 100 Uniqlo outlets in China. Russia – untimely entry but sound long-term prospects †¢ H&M opened its first store in Russia in Moscow in March 2009. However, suffering from a fall in gas and oil revenues, the country’s deep recession in 2009 is worse than previously anticipated and makes H&M’s market entry untimely.Rival Inditex has developed a major presence in Russia over several years, which has allowed the group to take advantage of the bo oming economy until 2008 to expand and establish a wide customer base. Longer term, H&M is set to emerge from the recession relatively unscathed thanks to its low-priced positioning and to have major growth prospects. Key point: With no presence in Latin America unlike C&A and Inditex, H&M could benefit from entering the large markets of Brazil and Mexico where its low prices should help build a major customer base. 18 Geographic Opportunities Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Franchise Deals Give New Middle East Opportunities Middle East and Africa expansion set to gather pace †¢ H&M’s presence in the main Middle East market, the United Arab Emirates, continued to increase rapidly in 2009 hanks to the franchise agreement signed in 2006 with the Kuwait-based company MH Alshaya Group. †¢ Opting to expand through franchise stores and using a similar growth model as Inditex represents a major new development in H&M’s global expan sion strategy in emerging markets, which is likely to help accelerate its global expansion. †¢ Thanks to the partnership with Alshaya Group, H&M entered the markets of Bahrain and Oman in 2009, and also opened its first two stores in Egypt in the second half of the year. H&M is likely to enter other new markets in the Middle East and Africa by the end of 2009, or in 2010, including Lebanon. †¢ Under another franchise deal signed with the local company Match Retail, H&M plans to enter Israel in 2010.Dedicated store concept for Saudi Arabia †¢ As store concept adaptation is an important ingredient in the success for foreign retailers operating in the Middle East and Africa, and require close attention, franchise partners are in a better position than H&M to implement new concepts. †¢ For example, in order to comply with local sharia law that forces shops to have segregated areas for men and for women, for its market entry in Saudi Arabia in autumn 2008, H&M opted t o adapt its store concept to be only open to women and staffed by women. 19 Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Strategic Evaluation Competitive Positioning Geographic OpportunitiesCategory Opportunities Brand and Operational Strategies Recommendations 20 Category Opportunities Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Modest Growth Forecast for H&M’s Main Channel †¢ H&M’s sales through the clothing and footwear specialist retailers channel will account for around 97% of its sales in 2009. This channel is forecast to record modest growth over the 2009-2014 period. While channel sales were hindered by the global economic crisis in 2008 and 2009, they are likely to recover to some extent, although they will remain affected by low price pressures on clothing prevailing within this distribution channel as well as in other channels.H&M has stronger prospects than most other clothing and footwear specialist players thanks to its wide international presence and low-cost and flexible business model allowing the group to undercut most rivals while remaining at the forefront of fashion trends. †¢ The remainder of H&M’s sales is accounted for almost equally by homeshopping and internet retailing, although the latter is increasingly supplanting the former, mirroring the wider industry trend. Expanding internet retailing presence will help offset the growing saturation of clothing and footwear retailing. Unlike Inditex, which is also present in the furniture and furnishings stores channel in a number of markets under the Zara Home brand, H&M does not operate other store-based formats. Hennes & Mauritz (H&M) AB – Global Retailing Presence & Prospects by Channel 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 0 100,000 Internet retailing % CAGR 2009-2014Clothing & footwear specialist retailers Homeshopping 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 Market Size 2009 (US$ million) 700,000 800,000 900,000 Bubble size shows company sales in this channel (2009). Range displayed: US$169 – 13,118 million 21 Category Opportunities Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Battling Against Hypermarkets and Mass Merchandisers Grocery retailers and mass merchandisers increase price pressure on clothing and footwear specialists †¢ Clothing and footwear specialist retailers are increasingly seeing more intense competition from rivals operating †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ mostly in other store-based channels, such as mass merchandisers and hypermarkets.As H&M is positioned in the low-priced segment in clothing and footwear retailing, it is vulnerable to the direct competition from these channels and needs to cultivate its clear competitive advantage in terms of fashion and desirability. An example of the intensifying competition affecting clothing and footwear retailers is the price war between Fast Retailing (Uniqlo) and mass merchandisers Aeon (Jusco) and Wal -Mart (Seiyu) in Japan to sell jeans at around ? 1,000 in 2009. In the US, Gap’s sales have been eroded by the success of mass merchandiser Target’s aggressively priced clothing ranges. In Western Europe, the expansion of major hypermarket operators including Auchan, Carrefour, Tesco and Wal-Mart into non-food products is set to continue as they seek to improve margins.Although this trend has slowed down to some extent in 2008 and 2009 due to the global economic crisis, with grocery retailers refocusing at least temporarily on more recession-proof food items, the longer-term trend is expected to see hypermarkets attempting to be more competitive in their offer of clothing and footwear, with more appealing ranges to compete more directly against specialist non-grocery retailers. In the UK, Wal-Mart’s Asda chain, thanks to the increased sales of its George apparel range in 2009, threatens to overtake Marks & Spencer and Associated British Foods’ Primark cha in to become the country’s largest clothing retailer. Tesco saw clothing sales improve in the first half of 2009 alongside growth in non-food sales, up by 8%. Meanwhile, Sainsbury’s is planning to increase space allocated to non-food ranges in 2010 and 2011 and widen the reach of its successful TU range of clothes by offering it at more stores. 22 Category OpportunitiesRetailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Internet Retailing: H&M’s Late Entry H&M and Inditex both rise to the challenge and plan to develop internet retailing †¢ Beyond store-based rivals, clothing and footwear specialist retailers are increasingly battling against internet retailers and most of them react by developing or expanding their own online retailing activity. With consumers’ familiarity with ordering online generally on the rise, coupled with efforts from internet retailers to make their websites more visually appealing and user-friendly, consumersà ¢â‚¬â„¢ confidence in ordering clothes via the internet has been strongly boosted. Major homeshopping retailers which are also leading players in clothing, for example, Otto, are increasingly moving online. Similarly, H&M’s homeshopping sales in Austria, Germany, Netherlands and the Nordic countries are gradually migrating to internet retailing. The company’s significant experience in homeshopping in these markets prepares it well to tackle the logistics aspects to make internet retailing operations efficient across European markets. †¢ Both Inditex and H&M made announcements in 2009 indicating that they are gradually joining the fray and expanding online in most European markets. Inditex will start operations in major European markets by early 2010, while H&M will launch its website in autumn 2010 in the UK.Thanks to its wide product assortment, the vast choice increases H&M’s chances of success in internet retailing although this requires the site to be d esigned in a way to be easy to navigate. †¢ However, H&M is a late entrant in the channel and appears to have made a protracted move, with a plethora of major other operators including Amazon, Asos, the John Lewis Partnership, Marks & Spencer and Tesco having already obtained a strong foothold in UK online clothes retailing. Rival Gap also plans to launch its own website in the UK, following its earlier initiative in 2009 to sell its products on the Asos. com website. In the US, Gap has a multibrand website and offers combined delivery on cross-brand orders.Aggressive expansion from internet retailing specialists and grocery retailers †¢ Major grocery retailers have high ambitions for online clothes sales, as shown by Tesco’s relaunch of its UK clothing website in September 2009 offering private label and brands, and with Wal-Mart’s Asda offering the George label at Asda Direct since 2008. Websites of grocery retailers also often offer the added convenience o f click-and-collect services. Among specialist internet retailers, Amazon’s acquisition of the US online clothes retailer Zappos for US$850 million in August 2009 signals its ambitions in apparel retailing, and its low prices and high number of visits from customers give it key competitive advantages.Key point: With internet retailing making price comparisons between retailers easier, H&M should focus on advertising its low prices and promotions on its transactional website, while also emphasising the more fashionable design of its clothes in order to differentiate its website from Amazon and the grocery retailers. 23 Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Strategic Evaluation Competitive Positioning Geographic Opportunities Category Opportunities Brand and Operational Strategies Recommendations 24 Brand and Operational Strategies Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International H&M: A Widely Recognised Global Brand Strong brand a wareness and image †¢ H&M’s strong brand image is associated with value and stylish collections, helped by the collaborations with famous designers. The latest example is the creation of the Jimmy Choo collection to be launched in November 2009.Such events create a great amount of publicity and media coverage to generate added footfall. †¢ In a similar way to Inditex, H&M relies on opening stores at a few flagship locations in major cities in order to build its brand image. Examples of such stores include the Harajuku store in Tokyo and the Champs Elysees store in Paris planned for 2010. †¢ Highlighting the H&M brand’s high level of awareness, it was ranked 21st among the top 100 most valuable global brands according to Interbrand in 2009, with a value exceeding US$15 billion. In comparison, Zara ranked only 50, while Gap came in at number 78. High-profile advertising with celebrities is widely used by H&M, unlike Inditex.H&M spends around 5% of its reve nues on advertising. H&M Brand geographic Asia Pacific, Eastern involvement Europe, Middle East and Africa, North America, Western Europe Brand channels Clothing & footwear specialist retailers World ranking & share 1 and 1. 6% (2009) in clothing and footwear specialist retailers Multi-brand approach from Inditex †¢ In sharp contrast to H&M’s almost exclusive Brands other than H&M gain greater importance †¢ The more upmarket COS successfully launched in the UK in 2007 enabling the group to target wealthier customers and potentially increase its margins. It was subsequently extended to other markets: Belgium, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. The Swedish chain Monki, acquired in 2008 and known for its sophisticated and colourful store designs, is not being rebranded and was expanded outside Sweden in 2009 with two stores in Denmark. This should allow H&M to diversify its customer base. reliance on its eponymous brand, Inditex has adopted a strategy based on build ing a vast brand portfolio including Bershka, Massimo Dutti, Pull and Bear, Zara and Zara Home. †¢ The key competitive advantages resulting from this company’s multi-brand strategy is its ability to target a wide range of consumer groups with brands and products tailored to various tastes in order to bring exclusivity and differentiation. The level of independence of the company’s major brands is also an important aspect of Inditex’s capacity to adapt quickly to changing market conditions. Group synergies are ensured thanks to the group's vertical integration, which also contrasts with H strategy of outsourcing. 25 Brand and Operational Strategies Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Operations and Private Label Strategies Production outsourcing vs.. vertical integration †¢ H sources around 70% of its product assortment from Asia and over one third is purchased from China. It relies heavily on outsourcing production, with over 21 production offices worldwide (10 in Europe, 10 in Asia and 1 in Africa) liaising with over 750 factories.In contrast, Inditex sources the majority of its products from Europe, and most of its production is made in-house in order to cut the time lag between product design and in-store availability. †¢ Although production in Asia helps H undercut Inditex on price, it also makes it more vulnerable to currency fluctuations, with the value of the US dollar strengthening in 2009 against European currencies and making imports from Asia more expensive in its main market, Europe. This reduced at least temporarily the scale of its competitive advantage over Inditex. Low inventory levels †¢ H operational efficiency is reflected in the level of inventory being usually low thanks to the frequent renewal of its collection.However, the focus on reducing inventory in order to protect margins has been detrimental to sales in some months in 2009, especially over the summer, when the company had relatively few items available for markdowns. Although H generally achieves low inventory costs, it is likely to be often surpassed by Inditex in this respect. As one of the pioneers of the fast fashion business model with new ranges being introduced every two weeks, Inditex is particularly efficient in incorporating feedback from stores daily into the development of new products, thanks to vertical integration and as such, H cannot replicate this model. Private label ranges under various names †¢ All of H product assortment consists exclusively of private label. Private label ranges have various names to arget different genders and customer types. For example, Hennes is targeted at 25-35 year-old women, L. O. G. G. is a casual sportswear label and MAMA is a maternity range. Key point: As European consumers’ awareness of ethical issues increases, H is vulnerable to negative publicity surrounding working conditions at factories producing its clothes in Asia. Since it outsources a greater share of its products from Asia than Inditex and has less control over its supply chain, H auditing of factories must be strict and transparent to limit the chances of poor labour conditions being publicised and tarnishing its brand reputation. 26 Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz Euromonitor International Strategic Evaluation Competitive Positioning Geographic Opportunities Category Opportunities Brand and Operational Strategies Recommendations 27 Recommendations Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Key Recommendations Develop more premium chains alongside core low-priced offering †¢ H focus on affordability remains Internet retailing to be differentiated and wide-reaching †¢ As H is a late entrant in the New market entries and expansion in existing markets †¢ Entering into new emerging a core element of its success and contributed to make the retailer resilient in a recessionary economic environment. Alth ough its low-priced and fashionable image with its eponymous brand H should not be jeopardised, in addition to cultivating it, the retailer should also attempt to widen its customer base and especially target wealthier consumers with its other banners such as COS and Monki stores offering edgy fashion. This could also help increase profits once the economy recovers and consumers become less cost-conscious. internet retailing arena in most European markets and arrives in a crowded and competitive market where Amazon and Otto have made inroads, it will need to offer innovative transactional websites that can convey effectively the textures, colours and finish of its clothes in order to differentiate its offer but still highlight the low prices. H presence in internet retailing could also be extended to markets where it does not seek to open physical stores, mirroring the example of Marks & Spencer delivering products to around 80 countries since autumn 2009. markets, especially in nei ghbouring markets to those where it operates, offers considerable growth opportunities for H. †¢ Romania and Turkey are large European markets where the store concept is likely to be popular and where rival Inditex has developed a major store network. In Latin America, Mexico offers opportunities in the value segment of clothing and footwear retailing. Although it is well covered by C and Wal-Mart, H can cater for more fashionconscious consumer groups. In Asia Pacific, H burgeoning presence could accelerate by expanding to new cities, especially in China and Japan. In the latter market, new store concepts and collections or new banners such as COS and Monki could be tested. 28 Retailing – Hennes & Mauritz  © Euromonitor International Experience more†¦ This research from Euromonitor International is part of a global strategic intelligence system which offers a complete picture of the commercial environment . Also available from Euromonitor International: Global Bri efings The state of the market globally and regionally, emerging trends and pressing industry issues: timely, relevant insight published every month. Global Company ProfilesThe competitive positioning and strategic direction of the leading companies including uniquely sector-specific sales and share data. Country Market Insight Reports The key drivers influencing the industry in each country; comprehensive coverage of supply-side and demand trends and how they shape the future outlook. 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