Business Process Re

Business Process Re Introduction Business process re-engineering is a recent management tool which aims at improving organisations current operational strategies. It aims at modernisation of business processes to attain high efficiency for a competitive advantage (Jack, 2001). It reconstructs different organisation processes; the expected results include cost efficiency, improved customer service and improvement in production speed.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Business Process Re-Engineering specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally the process has three major steps; determine the status quo, identify the areas to change and change implementation; however each step has two stages (Naitove, 2010). This paper discusses the steps in business re-engineering process (BRP). Step 1: Determination of the status quo Develop business vision, mission and business objectives BRP does not aim at marginal improvement in a single area but ta rget the entire business; it aims to look into all processes for an overall gain to the organisation. With this in mind, the start point of the process is aligning all business processes with the new system. The direction of a business is shaped by its mission, vision and corporate objectives. In this stage, mission, vision and objectives of the company are defined again. The definition result after interpolating what has the business being able to attain and its potential level. Set mission, vision and objectives should be attainable (Huang, 2010). The following factors are considered; What is the vision of the organisation? Has the vision being attained? If not to what extent has the company failed? Is the vision still relevant to the new business environment that the business is operating in? What areas lead to failure? What is the mission of the organisation? Is the vision met using the current set methods and strategies? If not why? Does the business have enough potential to f ulfil the set mission? Review the objectives which the company aims to undertake? How often are the objectives met? If not always why they are not met? Is there an established trend in business performance? This looks into areas which have failed the organisation in the past. After understanding the current position in the business, then an attainable vision, mission and objectives are defined. If the previous ones are still relevant and attainable, they can be retained but care taken to improve processes which has in early cases affected their attainment (Wheelen $ Hunger, 1999). Understanding and measuring existing processes For the attainment of business objectives and attainment of goals, a business undergoes through a number of processes. Before making a move to implement a BPR, an in-depth analysis of processes in the company is necessary. The main reason for this move is to ensure that the business learns from previous mistakes. Those activities which have lead to ineffici ency in the past are documented and measures taken to ensure that they will not be repeated. For example if in the past a business was not able to attain its objectives because of inefficient logistics supply’s, where they have gotten sub-standard goods, this area is addressed independently. Note are taken on the past experience (Williams, 2001).Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The level of efficiency of current system is measured. The expected level is also measure and the deficit that the current system has is calculated. The guiding questions in this stage are Does the current business processes have potential to attain expected results? Which areas have let the attainment down in the past? What are the identified root causes of deficiency in the company? This stage is focuses more on utilising past experiences in making sound decisions in the futu re. Management information storage tools like business intelligence tools are utilised to ensure that there is quality information. Considering experiences of other businesses in the same industry is important, however care should be taken to ensure that external data is well vetted for relevance and integrity (Chao-Hsiung, Shaio, Barnes Li, 2010). Step 2: identifying the area to change Identification of business processes to be redefined After having a deep understanding of general performance of the business; this is after an analysis in step 1, the next step is defining the exact areas, strategies and functions which need to be redesigned. They are the areas which hinders attainment of business vision, mission and objectives (Anon, 1994). The process is procedural where management can use a high impact processes, exhaustive approach or six sigma approach. When using a high impact process approach, the management aims at identifying those processes which has a high negative effec t to the attainment of business goals. After the processes have been recognised, they are then addressed. This approach is more common to large business which taking an entire analysis of all micro process may take along of time. After the initial processes affecting the attainment of goals have been determined, the next processes in line are identified until the process with the most minimal effect is addressed (Romney, 1994). When using an exhaustive approach, which is common to small scale businesses, the entire business processes are analysed and those areas which lead to a deficit in the organisation are recognised. Problem in the identified area is identified and alternatives to solve it formulated.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Business Process Re-Engineering specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These area may be supply’s, operation costs management, logistics, human resources or quality of fixed as sets among others (Adam VandeWater, 1995). The third approach maybe a six sigma approach. This is a method that aims at detecting defects in organisational processes. It aims at analysing individual processes are identifying the area that is not effectively and efficiently producing results. The approach is a continuous one and assumes that if one process affects the attainment of anthers objectives. Six sigma approaches ensures that the root cause of a problem has been established and rectified. It a systematically, gradual, and efficient process which yields satisfactory results when applied to either small or large businesses; taking an internal and external analysis of a business is important and part of six sigma. Internal and external processes involve analysing (S.W.O.T. analysis) that the company is operating under. Taking P.E.S.T.L.E. (political, Environmental, social, Technological, legal and Ecological) analysis is another approach to analyse a business. Internal and ext ernal audits assist a company to have a clearer picture of it and developing of operational mechanisms will be facilitated (OConnor, 1989). Identify IT levers BRP utilises information generated internally and sometimes information from an external source. To have an effective system, the way information is documented and analysed is of great importance. After a re-engineering, the focus should be on the customer; he should be the end beneficially of the process although it is done inside a company (Haberbeg Rieple, 2001). Efficient information management systems and tools are identified; and cross functional systems indentified. Other than the gathered information, systems of feedback and responses should be identified (Goold Campbell, 2002). Stage 3: change implementation Build strategies to implement the desired changes With information on the areas that need to be redesigned, strategies to implement the redesign are developed. The level involves aligning all processes with the new adopted system; if there is need to buy some assets, train staff or employ staff it is done at this stage.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All tools to implementation (both human and physical resources) are put in place. Although strategies are made for the general attainment of goals, objectives, mission and vision, they are sometimes seen as independent but collaborate with each other (Esquerre, 2005). These strategies address the areas which had a deficit these strategies include; Supply management chain These are strategies implemented to ensure that the company gets quality raw materials, in the right time at an appropriate cost. When implementing this system, there must be collaboration with all departments as they will advice logistics and procurement department of the quality and quantity they require at a certain time. It involves, forward logistics, backwards logistics, and reverse logistics. Good relation is developed with suppliers to have just in time supplies (Kotter Schlesinger, 2008). Value determination This having is a set level of value that is required for raw materials and final products; mechanis ms to determine value in a business are put in place. Monitoring of value starts from raw material value determination, to ensure quality materials are delivered in the company. At the same time output quality and quantity from each stage are determined. In case there is a deficit, the problem should be addressed immediately. To determine whether quality assured is attained, it should not be the internal standard only but customer’s expectation and competitor’s value level are of essence. Value comes with a price; a company’s pricing strategy should meet organizational goals without hurting consumers; there should be a mutual benefit and satisfaction (Porter, 1985) Customer service Mechanisms to get feedback and respond to customer issues are developed. This may take the form of call centre or other feedback mechanisms. This acts as another source of information to the company for future improvements. Existing customers are a pool of assets to a company and they can give information relevant to the improvement of various processes. Marketing and selling strategies are addressed and skewed toward a customer based approach (Fred, 2008). Total Quality Management and strategic Quality management After individual processes have been designed to align with business new goals and objectives, the result should be a total quality management where there is interrelation among departments. There should be mechanisms set to ensure that there is a smooth flow of processes (Champy, 1995). For example a target approach work well where a certain department say packaging is given a certain target to attain say 700 packages in an hour. In case this is not attained, a focus on such department may point out a deficit in the production department if it’s not feeding the department effectively. This will assist is establishing the root causes of a defects and addressing them accordingly; instead of addressing symptoms (Collis Rukstad, 2008). Monitoring, support and control After all mechanisms are set in place, the output from the system should be interpolated and the new system evaluated. Monitoring involves enforcing the system as the new mechanisms of processes (Gurvis, 2007). The stage involves changing organisational behaviours and culture to support the system and give feedback on areas that need further improvement. Staff training, appraisals and participation is embraced to ensure that there is a total support of the system from all corners. Mentoring involves integrating different processes/department for the general attainment of organisational goals and objectives. In appraisal of employees; management should follow scientific methods like balance score card (Swamson, 2009). Motivational measures should also be put in place; this is where employees are motivated to support the new system. They are facilitated to point out areas which require improvement. Identification of key performance parameters/indicator is another supporting strategy; the indicators assist in evaluating the level of efficiency that the new system has attained. BPR should follow a six sigma process and a Kaizen management tools; where the earlier involves in continuous detection of defects areas and the later is concerned with continuous quality improvement through people (Camillus, 2008). Conclusion BPR involves redesigning business process to attain a higher efficiency in an organisational for competitive advantage. BPR is a process aimed at improving current operational systems and developing strategies for the better processes in an organisation. It involves taking strategies like total quality management, six sigma approach, supply chain management system and developing an effective human resource team. It involves the following steps; determine the status quo, identify the areas to change and change implementation; however each step has two stages which are developing business vision, mission and business objectives, Und erstanding and measuring existing processes, Identification of business processes to be redefined, Building strategies to implement the desired changes, Monitoring, support and control respectively. Bibliography Adam, P. and VandeWater, R. 1995. Benchmarking and the bottom-line: translating business reengineering into bottom-line results, Industrial Engineering, Vol. 3, February, p. 24. Anon. 1994. Re-engineering Europe. Economist, 330(7852), 63. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database. Camillus, J.C. 2008. Strategy as a wicked problem. Harvard Business Review. 86(5), 98-106 Champy, J. 1995. Reengineering Management, Harper Business Books, New York. Chao-Hsiung, L., Shaio Yan, H., Barnes, F., Li, K. 2010. Business performance and customer relationship management: The effect of IT, organisational contingency and business process on Taiwanese manufacturers. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 21(1), 43-65. doi:10.1080/14783360903492595. Collis, D.J and Rukstad, M.G. 200 8. Can you say what your strategy is?† Havard Business Review,86(4), 82-90 Esquerre, B. 2005. Have You Done Your S.W.O.T Today? Fitness Business Pro, 21(12), 24. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database. Fred, D. 2008. Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. New Jersey: Pearson Education Goold, M. and Campbell, A. 2002. Do you have a well-designed organization? Harvard Business Review. 80(3). 117-124 Gurvis, S. 2007. Management Basics: A Practical Guide for Managers. London: Adams Media. Haberbeg, A and Rieple, A. 2001.The Strategic Management of Organisations. Prentice Hall, London. Huang, W. 2010. Business process rules management: Challenges and solutions. Ph.D. dissertation, Stevens Institute of Technology, United States New Jersey. Retrieved from Dissertations Theses: Full Text.(Publication No. AAT 3269204). Jack, E.2001. Management Communication: the threat of group thinks.Corporate communications. International Journal , 183-192. Kotter, J.P and Schlesinger, L.A. 2008. Choosing strategies for change. Harvard Business Review, 80(30), 117-124 Naitove, M. 2010. Refine, Redesign, Retool: Re-engineering as a Business Model. Plastics Technology, 56(6), 28. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database. OConnor, P.1989. Total Quality Management (Book). Quality Reliability Engineering International [serial online].; 5(2):183. Porter, M.E. 1985 competitive advantage. New york:The Free Press. Romney, M. 1994. Business process re-engineering. CPA Journal, 69(10), 30. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database. Swamson, R. 2009. Foundations of Human Resource Development: Easy read Large Edition. San Francisco: ReadHowYouWant.com Wheelen, L., $ Hunger, J.1999. Strategic Management and Business Policy: Entering 21st Century Global Society. Massachusetts: Addison Wesley Williams, S. 2001. Making better business decisions: understanding and improving critical thinking and problem-solving skills London: Sage.

Miranda trial essays

Miranda trial essays On March 2,1963 it was a normal day at work for eight-teen year old Rebecca Johnson. Rebecca had just finished up her last duties at the movie theaters refreshment counter and left for the bus stop around 11:30 PM. She got off the bus at 12:10 and began her short walk home. On her walk, a car sharply pulled out of a driveway and almost hit her. A man jumped out of the car and grabbed her. The man threw Rebecca in the back seat of his car and tied her hands and feet together with rope. Then he drove to the Arizona desert where he raped her. Two hours later, the man returned Rebecca back to her neighborhood. She raced home and told her sister what had just happened. She detailed her night to the police also. Rebecca described the attacker and his car to the police. (3/7-11) At first, the officers doubted whether Rebecca was telling the truth because her statements were sometimes inconsistent. On March 9, 1963 at about 11:45 PM, Rebeccas brother-in-law noticed a car matching his sisters description and he wrote down the license plate number. Four days later, detectives ran a check on the number that was giving to them by Rebeccas brother-in-law, which lead to a car matching Rebeccas description indeed. The owner of the car, Ernesto Miranda was taken into custody. That same day, at the police station, Rebecca picked out Miranda from a lineup. After being picked, Ernesto was sent to the interrogation room where Officer Cooley and Officer Young began questioning Miranda. (3/11-13) In the room, Ernesto was not told that he had the right to an attorney; and there is dispute as to whether he was told he had the right to remain silent. After a couple of hours of questioning, Miranda signed a confession. In June 1963, the trial in the case of the state of Arizona v. Ernesto Miranda got under way in an Arizona State Court. Mirandas lawyer was seventy-three year old Alvin Moore, whom w...

Thinking Critically Simulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thinking Critically Simulation - Essay Example Notwithstanding the Faith Community Hospital has a number of different problems we systematize them by subdividing in four units: Critical Thinking Case Study Analysis is made in order to solve all this problems by analyzing and evaluating alternatives, making right decisions and recommending a plan for decisions implementation. There is no doubt that good decision making is an essential skill for business success generally, and effective leadership particularly. As you know "decision making is the cognitive process leading to the selection of a course of action among alternatives that produces a final choice called a decision that can be represented as an action or an opinion2". It is evidently that the decision making is a complex and many-sided process. That is why aiming to fine a write decision it is very important to take into account and use certain critical thinking components. On making Critical Thinking Case Study Analysis we based on decision making steps using decision making worksheet and problem solving tools and techniques. After identifying each problem we analyzed it following the steps: With the aim to evaluate the proposed alt... After identifying each problem we analyzed it following the steps: Definition of objectives; Addressing problems effects; Addressing problems causes; Framing the alternatives; Evaluating the impacts of the alternatives; Making decision; Implementing decision proposing the appropriate plan; Measuring the impacts of the decision. Using the decision making worksheet was very efficient as it gave an opportunity to observe the entire problem image and to conduct a full-scale research. With the aim to evaluate the proposed alternatives for the Faith Community Hospital problem salvation we used elements of certain technique called Force Field Analysis, a technique developed by Kurt Lewin, - a 20th century social scientist - as a tool for analyzing forces opposed to change. It should be mentioned that "qualitative change will always be opposed by restraining forces that are either too comfortable with the status quo or are afraid of the unknown. In a competitive global market where constant innovation and continuous improvement are the driving forces that keep businesses running, identifying those forces in order to assess the risks involved and to better weight the effectiveness of potential changes becomes an imperative"3. Using this technique helped us to make the best decisions possible with the information you have available and to choose the best course of action to take. The major key points in the simulation that should be emphasized are as follows: The question of vital importance for the Faith Community Hospital is working out a new mission statement that will result an effective implementation of new Faith Community Hospital policy and increasing

Print Ad Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Print Ad Analysis - Essay Example The advertisement I have chosen is just like that- it depicts a company of three friends driving a cabriolet in some desert like area and having fun. They are screaming, shouting, and singing drunk with new possibilities. I have noticed that the whole advertisement presupposes motion as all the people on the image are moving. A young boy in his twenties is evidently spending time with his two friends in a trip to the ocean. The advertisement can be interpreted as a call to adventures and taking risks because youth is what usually pushes people to try something new all the time. The motto of the whole Levi`s campaign is â€Å"I will not sit at home collecting dust† and by this slogan the brand explains that it creates roadwear –the clothes perfect for movement and ready for any challenges like getting dirt ad washing. If we recall that jeans were initially invented as the trousers for cowboys so they had to be extremely long lasting, than it is getting clear why Levi`s has chosen such style. The time when men were riding wild young horses and felt adrenalin in their blood has passed. Today many young people prefer the comfort of their bedrooms to real adventures. That is why Levi`s creat ing the advertisement which visually appeals to movement, changes, and challenges wants to recall young people what they were made for. Another noticeable element of the advertisement is the spirit of friendship. There are two boys and one girl in the car and they are literally on the same wave of future adventures. Levi`s emphasizes this team spirit on all images of their campaign- people ready to share time and emotions together, ready to have joy and support each other in critical situations. What stops most of us from going on a long trip around the country? The absence of a good company mostly. And Levi`s tries to show that it is rather easy to find those who will be there for you especially is your share common tastes in fashion. Therefore,

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay The Crucible is Arthur Millers most impressive play with its subject and theme raising continuous fascination and interest throughout the world. It tells the story of the Salem witch trials of 1692, centering the attention on the effect these trials had on the Proctor family, as well as making an analogous critical commentary on the actions of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in the 1950s. Miller initially did not aimed at depicting the HUAC hearings in the form of an old-fashioned witch trial. However, as the HUAC hearings grew more ritualistic, and more pointless, he could no longer resist. The play contains a lot of notes detailing the historical background of Salem society in the 1690s, and detailed facts regarding the actual lives of the main characters involved. Miller wanted to show that he had not made up these events, but that people really allowed such things to occur. These notes illustrate the extensive research which Miller undertook to write The Crucible. There are many details in the play which are firmly backed up by trial transcripts and other records of the time. However there are also notable details which arose from Millers imagination, like the presentation of Abigail and her lust for Proctor. The Crucible depicts how unscrupulous people, from the Putnams to the trial judges, declare the presence of evil and the Devil to harm whoever disagrees with them, not just religiously, but politically and socially. Such people assume a moral high position, and anyone who disagrees with them is deemed immoral and damned. Tituba and the children were certainly trying to commune with dark forces, but if left alone, their exploits would have bothered no onetheir actions are an indication of the way people react against repression rather than anything truly evil. But Miller does view evil as being at large in the world, and he believes that anyone, even the apparently virtuous, has the potential to be evil given the right circumstances, even though most people would not admit this. Miller offers Proctor as proof: a good man, but one who carries with him the guilt of adultery. But men like Danforth also fit this category, because they do evil deeds under the pretence of being right. In The Crucible, Miller centers this study on John Proctor, a man with an initially split personality, caught between the way in which others see him and the way he sees himself. His private sense of guilt leads him into an ironically false confession of having committed a public crime, although he later recants. What allows him to recant is the release of guilt given to him by his wifes confession of her coldness and inability to blame him for his adultery. Elizabeth insists that he is a good man, and this finally convinces him that he is. In The Crucible, Miller explores what happens when people allow others to be the judge of their conscience. Total freedom, Miller suggests, is largely a myth in any working society. Miller created his own poetic language for this play, based on the archaic language from the Salem documents. Wanting to make his audience feel they were witnessing events from an earlier time, yet not wanting to make his dialogue incomprehensible, he invents a form of speech for his characters which blended into everyday speech, an earlier vocabulary and syntax. Incorporating more familiar archaic words like yea, nay, or goodly, Miller creates the impression of a past era without overly perplexing his audience. Words like poppet instead of doll, are easily understood, just as the way he has the women addressed as Goody instead of Mrs. Miller alters various verb conjugations and tenses to conform more readily with those of the period, substituting he have for he has, or be for are and am, to give his audience just the flavor of seventeenth-century English. Speaking about the images in The Crucible, blood is a dominant image of the play, in the idea of it being equated with sexual passion, and in its association with murder. The images are initially associated with Abigail. Her heated blood leads her into a sexual liaison with Proctor, and she drinks blood to cast a spell on his wife. But the blood is transferred to the hands of the supposedly righteous judges who begin to hang innocent people. By employing historical texts, Miller attempts to project his own experience and personal beliefs without violating the truth of the historical matter he surveyed. In Millers hands the historical play becomes a vehicle for modern tragedy in The Crucible, carefully sustaining the atmosphere of the historical period but also projecting onto it the political realities of a dark age of modern American history. Works Cited Page Miller, Arthur. The Crucible: A Play in Four Acts. With an introduction by Christopher Bigsby. New York: Penguin, 1995

Comparing Imagery in Flying a Red Kite and The Lamp at Noon :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Imagery in Flying a Red Kite and The Lamp at Noon Imagery is used by many authors as a crucial element of character development. These authors draw parallels between the imagery in their stories and the main characters' thoughts and feelings. Through intense imagery, non-human elements such as the natural environment, animals, and inanimate objects are brought to life with characteristics that match those of the characters involved. Sinclair Ross uses vivid imagery of nature to reflect and influence the emotions of his characters in his short story The Lamp at Noon. The wind is a powerful force that changes with the emotions of Ellen and Paul. Sinclair describes the wind as two separate winds: "the wind in flight, and the wind that pursue[s]" (Atwood/Weaver, 74). Like the wind in flight which cannot escape the wind that pursues it, Ellen cannot escape her isolation. The wind in flight always returns to "quake among the feeble eaves, as if in all this dust-mad wilderness it knew no other sanctuary" (74). Ellen is also forced to seek refuge within her small home, which is also the place where she feels the most secluded. The wind outside often contrasts the silence that is encased inside. During an argument between Paul and Ellen, there is an uncomfortable silence, "a deep fastness of it enclosed by rushing wind and creaking walls"(76). This noise around them makes the silence within even more uncomfortable. Paul later finds the silence comforting when he is in the stable. It is described as a "deep hollow calm within, a vast darkness engulfed beneath the tides of moaning wind" (78). The silence protects him and brings him relief from the dangerous world outside. Unfortunately, the walls seem to weaken against the powerful wind, and "instead of release or escape from the assaulting wind, the walls [are] but a feeble stand against it" (78). Paul begins to understand what Ellen is feeling, and the wind screams like Ellen's cries. As he thinks of ways to restore the land and make Ellen happy, the wind starts to slacken. For a short moment, he feels relief. When he returns to the house, he realizes that Ellen is gone. At this point, the wind whimpers and moans as if it knows Ellen's isolation and Paul's despair. The imagery of the wind is used by Sinclair to intensify the characters' emotions and help the reader understand what the characters are experiencing.

Increased Competition and Pricepressures in Supply Chain

CD5590 Professional Ethics in Science and Engineering Presentation: Ethics in Supply Chain Management (SCM) Abedullah Zaman Professional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management Definition: The network of retailers, distributors, transporters, storage facilities and suppliers that participate in the sale, delivery and production of a particular product. In the simplest terms, Supply Chain Management (SCM) lets an organization get the right goods and services to the place they're needed at the right time, in the proper quantity and at an acceptable cost.Efficiently managing this process involves overseeing relationships with suppliers and customers, controlling inventory, forecasting demand and getting constant feedback on what's happening at every link in the chain. Professional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Roots of Ethics Professional ethics is about managing relations which is a crucial part in SCM. Successful companies use supply chains not only to reduce cos t and complement the product but also to nurture long-term valuedadded relationships.Professional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Why society is concerned about ethics within SCM? Environmental Effects Treatment plants for water, treatment of solid waste, gases Health and Safety In Food Industry- uses of pesticides, hormone-treatment of animals Consumer Rights Legislations about right to safety, right to choose, right to be heard. Professional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Ethical Model/Process Economic responsibilities: Supply Products and Services. Legal Responsibilities: Ethical Responsibilities: Obey Laws.Conduct business in a way that is morally consistent with the beliefs of society Professional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Reasons for Increasing Concern about Ethics in Supply Chains The pressure is coming from various sources. A wide range of stakeholders are interested in the social, ethical and environmental performance of the retail industry’s supply chai n. General Public Growing people's awareness of these issues and increasing expectations of companies' responsibilities.Investors and rating agencies It is also coming from investors as socially responsible investment becomes more mainstream. Managing supply chain issues is seen as one indicator of how well a company is run. Professional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Media The media are also becoming more interested in stories about malpractice, as are campaigning groups as they target new sectors and become more skilled at harnessing public opinion. Consumers More educated and discerning consumers.Government and NGOs Public exposure of poor labour standards in some factories and other establishments, often located in developing countries, can inadvertently undermine progress on establishing ethical trade and good labour practices. Professional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Examples Marks & Spencer Ethical concerns about child labour, prison labour, discrimination and terms and condition of work environment. M&S Ethical Global Sourcing Strategy: Global Sourcing Principles Partnership with Suppliers Social Audit and Verification Continual Improvements and SanctionsProfessional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Nike Labour involved in production of footballs. Code of Conduct- Improve working conditions in factories. Forced labor, Child Labor, Compensation, Benefits, Hours of work, Safety and health, Documentations and inspection. Reebok Sourcing Procedure- Supplier list based on â€Å"Fair Factories Clearing House† evaluation. Zero Tolerance Strategy GAP Apparel Outsourcing- Social Responsibility Professional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Addressing Ethical Issues in Supply ChainRole of Certifications Example: World Responsible Apparel Production (WRAP) WRAP is an independent, non-profit organization dedicated to the certification of lawful, humane and ethical manufacturing throughout the world. Other Regulations International Labour Organisat ion (ILO) Conventions United Nations (UN) Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Recent issues with SCM Research Trust in Supply Chains Ethical Supply Chain Ethical supply chain should communicate ethical behaviours and fair treatment to all its stake holders. Supply chains must satisfy societal expectationsProfessional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Discussions Child work can be seen as important in developing responsibility and independence as well as contributing to household economy. Should the societies be let isolated by not giving orders to already poor communities? Engagement or Disengagement strategy? Professional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Five Myths about Business Ethics 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ethics is personal Business and ethics don? t mix Business ethics is relative Good business means good ethics Information is neutral and amoral